Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems

Liu, J.; Dietz, T.; Carpenter, S. R.; Alberti, M.; Folke, C; Moran, E.; Pell, A N; Deadman, P; Kratz, T; Lubchenco, J; OSTROM, E.; Ouyang, Z; Provencher, W.; Redman, C. L.; Schneider, S. H.; TAYLOR, W W

doi:10.1126/science.1144004

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Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems

Author(s): J. Liu , T. Dietz , S. R. Carpenter , M. Alberti , C. Folke , E. Moran , A. N. Pell , P. Deadman , T. Kratz , J. Lubchenco , E. Ostrom , Z. Ouyang , W. Provencher , C. L. Redman , S. H. Schneider , W. W. Taylor

Publication date Created: September 14 2007

Publication date (Electronic): September 14 2007

Journal: Science

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Abstract

Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.