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      Incidencia y prevalencia de hipertensión arterial registradas en el Día Mundial de la Hipertensión 2011. Experiencia de un grupo de trabajo: Experience of a working party Translated title: Incidence and prevalence of high blood pressure registered at the High Blood Pressure World Day-2011

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          Abstract

          Introducción: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal y en 2 centros de trabajo, la Dirección Nacional del INDER y la Facultad de Cultura Física "Dr. Manuel Fajardo" de La Habana, en el Día Mundial de la Hipertensión Arterial. Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de hipertensos (conocidos y nuevos) y de prehipertensos, el porcentaje de pacientes tratados y controlados y la presencia de sobrepeso entre los normotensos e hipertensos. Además, demostrar la importancia de que cada persona conozca cuál es su presión arterial y el riesgo de padecerla. Métodos: se investigaron 730 personas de ambos sexos con predominio de jóvenes atletas que voluntariamente respondieron la encuesta y se les midió la presión arterial. Se llenó un modelo que contenía las variables seleccionadas: edad, sexo, talla, peso, si conocían si eran hipertensos, si recibían tratamiento farmacológico y las cifras de presión arterial encontradas. Se confeccionó una base de datos y se empleó el sistema estadístico SPSS de Window 2007. Los resultados se expresaron en frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: el 58,5 % correspondió al sexo masculino. La distribución etaria en los 3 percentiles empleados mostró franco predominio de jóvenes (50 %). De los 730 sujetos encuestados, 114 (15,6 %) conocían que eran hipertensos (15,4 % de los hombres y 16,2 % de las mujeres), 106 (14,5 %) fueron clasificados como prehipertensos y 35 (4,8 %), como nuevos hipertensos. De los 114 hipertensos conocidos, 91 (61,7%) tenían tratamiento y 87 estaban controlados (58,4 % del total y 95,6 % de los tratados) y no controlados 62 (41,6 % del total y 4,4 % de los tratados). De los prehipertensos, 82 (77 %) estaban en edades de 19 a 49 años, 40 % de ellos con sobrepeso, mientras que 24 (23 %) tenían 50 o más años, pero con 70 % de sobrepeso. El sobrepeso/obeso se encontró en 271 (37,2 %) de las personas encuestadas (55,6 % en los hipertensos y 39,4 % en los normotensos), cifra algo inferior al 42,6 % de la media nacional. Conclusiones: la celebración del Día Mundial de la Hipertensión Arterial ayuda a incrementar el grado de percepción de riesgo de esta enfermedad, el pesquisaje activo detecta casos no diagnosticados y permite ampliar el conocimiento sobre el grado de control alcanzado en los hipertensos tratados, el sobrepeso/obesidad es más frecuente entre los hipertensos.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: a cross-sectional study was conducted in two institutions: The National Management of Recreation and Sports National Institute and in the "Dr. Manuel Fajardo" Physical Culture Faculty of La Habana at the High Blood Pressure World Day. Objectives: to determine the frequency of hypertensive patients (known and new) and the pre-hypertensive ones, the percentage of patients treated and controlled as well as the presence of excess weight among those with a normal blood pressure and the hypertensive ones, as well as to demonstrate also the significance that each person knows which is its blood pressure and its risk. Methods: authors studied 730 patients of both sexes with predominance of the young athletes who voluntarily answered the survey, measuring the blood pressure. A form including the select variables was fill out: age, sex, height, weight, if they know on its hypertensive status, if they were receiving drug treatment and the blood pressure figures found. A database was created using the SPSS statistic system of Window 2007. Results were expressed in absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: the 58,5 % corresponded to male sex. Age distribution in the three percentiles used showed an open predominance of young people (50 %). From the 730 polled subjects, 114 (15,6 %) knew its hypertensive status (15,4 % of men and 16,2 % of women), 106 (14,5 %) were classified as pre-hypertensives and 35 (4,8 %) as new hypertensives. From the 114 known hypertensive, 91 (61,7%) were under treatment and 87 were controlled (58,4 % of total and the 95,6 % of those treated) and 62 no-controlled (41,6 % of total and 4,4 % of those treated). From the hypertensive ones, 82 (77 %) were aged 19-49, the 40 % of them had excess weight, whereas 24 (23 %) were aged 50 or more, but with a 70% of excess weight. The excess weight/obese was present in 271 (37,2 %) of polled persons (55,6 % in the hypertensive and 39,4 % in those normotensives) a figure under 42,6 % of the national mean. Conclusions: the celebration of the High Blood Pressure World Day helps to increase the level of perception of risk of this disease, the active screening detects the non-diagnosed cases and allows to increase the knowledge on the control level achieved in hypertensive treated, the excess weight/obesity is more frequent among hypertensive ones.

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          World Hypertension Day and global awareness.

          The World Health Organization attributes hypertension, or high blood pressure, as the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. The World Hypertension League (WHL), an umbrella organization of 85 national hypertension societies and leagues, recognized that more than 50% of the hypertensive population worldwide are unaware of their condition. To address this problem, the WHL initiated a global awareness campaign on hypertension in 2005 and dedicated May 17 of each year as World Hypertension Day (WHD). Over the past three years, more national societies have been engaging in WHD and have been innovative in their activities to get the message to the public. In 2007, there was record participation from 47 member countries of the WHL. During the week of WHD, all these countries -- in partnership with their local governments, professional societies, nongovernmental organizations and private industries -- promoted hypertension awareness among the public through several media and public rallies. Using mass media such as Internet and television, the message reached more than 250 million people. As the momentum picks up year after year, the WHL is confident that almost all the estimated 1.5 billion people affected by elevated blood pressure can be reached. The success of WHD is due to the enthusiasm and voluntary action of multiple stakeholders from every member country.
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            Hipertensión arterial. Guia para la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento

            (2006)
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              Impact of World Hypertension Day.

              It is estimated that nearly one billion people are affected by hypertension worldwide, and this figure is predicted to increase to 1.5 billion by 2025. Nearly one-half of this population are unaware of their condition. Hypertension is the primary risk factor for heart disease and stroke. World Hypertension Day (WHD) has been an initiative of the World Hypertension League to raise hypertension awareness. In the past two years, many countries have taken an active part in promoting awareness through a number of initiatives in their respective countries. In Canada, WHD was a resounding success in 2005 and 2006, and major plans are underway for WHD 2007. The success of the Canadian WHD depends mainly on the partnership and shared values of all stakeholders, including professional societies, nongovernment organizations, government agencies and industry. Although it is too early to assess the impact of hypertension, it is evident that the countries involved are taking hypertension in the population seriously and are moving in the right direction. If the momentum continues, a drastic reduction in the prevalence of worldwide hypertension can be anticipated.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                med
                Revista Cubana de Medicina
                Rev cubana med
                ECIMED (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-302X
                March 2012
                : 51
                : 1
                : 25-34
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto de Nefrología Cuba
                [2 ] Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Joaquin Albarrán Cuba
                [3 ] Instituto Nacional de Deportes y Recreación Cuba
                Article
                S0034-75232012000100004
                2e3b8b25-b3c2-4b25-a012-ada7e36eccd1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7523&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                MEDICINE, LEGAL
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Social law,Medicine,Internal medicine
                high blood pressure,hipertensión arterial,Día Mundial de la Hipertensión Arterial,High Blood Pressure World Day

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