HIV drug resistance profile of HIV-1 CRF 01_AE protease and integrase coding regions in HIV infected Cambodian patients failing LPV-based 2 nd line antiretroviral regimen
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Abstract
Background
By the end of 2009, the number of HIV-1 infected patients on RTI-based 1st line and
PI-based 2nd line ARV regimen in Cambodia reached 34,000 and 1,500, respectively.
We already reported good virological and immunological responses after 1 to 4 years
in cohorts of patients on 1st line and more recently, among an Esther cohort of 70
patients after 2 years on LPVr-based 2nd line regimen. However, emergence of LPV resistant
associated mutations is becoming a major concern in low and middle income countries.
Objective
This study aimed to describe the resistance pattern of both the protease (PR) and
integrase (IN) coding regions in HIV-1 CRF01-AE infected patients failing LPV-based
2nd line regimen in Cambodia.
Methods
Analysis of the Protease and Integrase drug resistance genotyping of 95 HIV-1 strains
infected patients presenting detectable viral load on LPV/r-based 2nd line regimen
in Cambodia.
Results
Lack of amplification in PR gene was observed for 18/95 presenting low viral load
(median VL: 2.9Log10 copies/ml [IQR: 2.8-3.4]). The 77 other CRF01_AE strains, harbored
polymorphism mutation in position M36, H69 and L89 conferring possibly resistance
to TPV/r. Forty-nine (median VL: 5Log10 copies/ml [IQR: 4 - 5.5]) did not present
any other PI associated resistance mutation. In contrast, 28 patients showed multiple
resistances to PI. The median duration on LPV/r regimen was 34.5 months [IQR: 23.5
– 53.3] and the median VL was 5Log10 copies/ml [IQR: 4.3-5.6]. Twenty-five patients
were resistant to LPV/r (7 possibly resistant). Twenty-seven were resistant to IDV,
21 and 19 to ATV/r and FPV/r, respectively. Twenty-five were resistant to NFV (10
possibly), 22 resistant to SQV/r (9 possibly). Seven showed resistance to DRV/r (5
possibly). Finally, excluding possible resistance, 21/28 (75%) was resistant for at
least 3 PIs. Clinical investigation revealed that most of these 28 patients starting
several RTIs and PIs early around 2000. All of them were sensitive to raltegravir,
elvitegravir (integrase inhibitors), and etravirine (Non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitorse).
Conclusion
This study indicates that 28/95 (29.5%) of Cambodian patients presenting detectable
viral load on LPV/r–based 2nd line regimen developed resistance mutation for a large
number of PIs. Most of them were not naïve for PI before LPV/r initiation. These results
highlight an urgent need to evaluate the efficacy of LPV/r-based 2nd line regimen
at the national levels, allowing to design of a next 3rd line ARV regiment in low
and middle income countries.
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Conference name:
Institut Pasteur International Network Annual Scientific Meeting