Of 68 patients who presented between the ages of 10 and 35 years with elevated intraocular pressure, 25 were classified as juvenile ocular hypertension and 43 as juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma. Blacks constituted a greater proportion of the primary open-angle glaucoma patients (47%) than of the ocular hypertensives (20%) and in both groups presented at younger ages than did whites. Myopia was present in 59% of the ocular hypertensives and 73% of the primary open-angle glaucoma patients, of whom 39% had more than 6 diopters of myopia. All eyes of black patients with more than 3 diopters of myopia had glaucomatous defects compared with 52% of such eyes of white patients. Our data suggest that myopia is strongly associated with juvenile open-angle glaucoma and that young black patients with elevated intraocular pressure, especially when myopic, are more susceptible to glaucomatous damage than are whites.