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      Omega-3 fatty acids related to cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia

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          Abstract

          Cognitive impairment is strongly associated with functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia but its pathophysiology remains largely unclear. Involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in the cognitive function of healthy individuals and patients with neuropsychiatric disease has received increasing attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids with cognitive function, social function, and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The subjects included 30 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function, and social function were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), respectively. Blood serum omega-3 fatty acids were assessed using gas chromatography. The BACS composite score was significantly correlated with blood eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. In addition, a daily dose of antipsychotic medication was negatively and significantly correlated with the blood DHA level and with the BACS composite score. Step-wise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the SFS score was significantly associated with the BACS composite score. Our results indicate that reduced blood omega-3 fatty acids are associated with cognitive impairment, which then impacts social functioning outcomes in schizophrenia.

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          Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: validation of the Japanese version.

          Shusuke Numata, Tomiki Sumiyoshi, Y Ishimoto … (2007)
          This preliminary study was performed to test the reliability and validity of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) as an assessment tool in a Japanese-language version (BACS-J). The subjects for the present study were 30 outpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Each subject gave written informed consent to participate in the research. Cronbach's alpha for the BACS-J was 0.77. The BACS-J composite score was significantly correlated with all primary measures of BACS-J (verbal memory, working memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, attention, and executive function). All BACS-J primary measures and the composite score were significantly correlated between two assessments. The mean score of the Digit Sequencing Task and composite score on the second assessment were significantly larger than those on the first assessment. All BACS-J primary measures except the Symbol Coding Task were significantly correlated with relevant standard neurocognitive tests. Also, the BACS-J composite score was significantly correlated with all standard neurocognitive tests except the Continuous Performance Test. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation resulted in a three-factor solution (executive function and memory; motor speed and general cognitive functions; and working memory). This preliminary study indicates that the BACS-J is a reliable and practical scale to evaluate cognitive function.
          Article 0 comments Cited 90 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Processing speed deficits in schizophrenia: reexamining the evidence.

            Anthony David, Abraham Reichenberg, E Knowles (2010)
            A recent meta-analysis identified processing speed inefficiency as the largest single cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. However, the effect of potential moderator variables, such as medication status and severity of illness, remained unclear. The authors present an extended meta-analysis of processing speed and other specific cognitive functions in schizophrenia and examine the role of potential moderator variables. In addition to the studies identified in the original analysis, subsequently published articles were identified via systematic searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO for the period from May 2006 to January 2009. The authors extracted data for potential moderator variables, including publication year; severity of illness; chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose; and mean IQ, mean age, and sample size for each study. Effect sizes were calculated for all measures, and meta-influence and homogeneity analyses were conducted. Eleven studies were added to the original analysis, increasing the schizophrenia sample size from 1,915 to 4,135. The largest effect size was for coding tasks (g=-1.50), followed by category fluency (g=-1.31). However, for coding tasks, variation in effect size magnitude attributable to heterogeneity was substantial. Metaregression analyses indicated that three moderator variables were related to coding task effect size: publication year, IQ difference from comparison subjects, and chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose. There was a difference of 0.8 effect size units between studies with low compared with high chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose. No significant relationships were found between any moderators and the other cognitive tasks included in the meta-analysis. The processing speed impairment in schizophrenia is substantially affected by several moderating factors, in particular antipsychotic medication dosage.
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              Cognition in schizophrenia: Past, present, and future.

              Michael Green, Philip Harvey (2014)
              Schizophrenia Research: Cognition will serve an important function - a place where interests converge and investigators can learn about the recent developments in this area. This new journal will provide rapid dissemination of information to people who will make good use of it. In this initial article, we comment globally on the study of cognition in schizophrenia: how we got here, where we are, and where we are going. The goal of this first article is to place the study of cognition in schizophrenia within a historical and scientific context. In a field as richly textured as ours it is impossible to hit all the important areas, and we hope the reader will forgive our omissions. Phrased in cognitive terms, our limited presentation of the past is a matter of selective memory, the present is a matter of selective attention, and the future is a matter of selective prospection. This broad introduction emphasizes that cognition in schizophrenia provides clues to pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome. In fact, the study of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia has become wholly intertwined with the study of schizophrenia itself.
              Article 0 comments Cited 62 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kazumi Satogami
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Schizophr Res Cogn
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Schizophr Res Cogn
                Title: Schizophrenia Research: Cognition
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2215-0013
                Publication date PMC-release: 18 May 2017
                Publication date Collection: September 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 May 2017
                Volume: 9
                Pages: 8-12
                Affiliations
                Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. kazumi.s@ 123456wakayama-med.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2215-0013(17)30004-5
                DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2017.05.001
                PMC ID: 5514384
                PubMed ID: 28740828
                SO-VID: 2ea284bb-61ab-468a-a21a-d969010b0677
                Copyright © © 2017 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 31 January 2017
                Date revision received : 8 May 2017
                Date accepted : 8 May 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research Paper

                Keywords: cognitive impairment,omega-3 fatty acids,schizophrenia,social function
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cognitive impairment, omega-3 fatty acids, schizophrenia, social function

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