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      De la agroecología maya a la arqueología demográfica: ¿Cuántas casas por familia? Translated title: From Mayan Agroecology to Demographic Archaeology: How Many Houses per Family?

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          Abstract

          Durante 2006, en Pich, Campeche, se recuperaron 31 historias orales enfocadas en los patrones de movilidad entre familias agricultoras que viven en rancherías establecidas cerca de fuentes permanentes de agua. Se identificaron dos patrones: 1) el movimiento de una ranchería a otra cada 14 años, en promedio, con reocupación en un ciclo generacional; y 2) movimientos repetidos durante el año entre la casa en la ranchería y otra en el pueblo (bilocalidad). Así, en un ciclo doméstico de aproximadamente 35 años, la típica familia agricultora ocupaba por lo menos tres casas. Esto sugiere que las estimaciones del tamaño de las poblaciones agrícolas que suministraban alimentos a las ciudades-estado mayas en las Tierras Bajas del Norte deberían ser revisadas y ajustadas. Hasta ahora dichos cálculos no han incluido una tasa de reducción basada en información etnográfica detallada como la que presentamos ahora sobre las familias agricultoras de Pich.

          Translated abstract

          During 2006, thirty-one oral histories were collected in Pich, Campeche, to research patterns of mobility among agricultural families living in hamlets (rancherías) located near permanent water sources. Two patterns were found: (1) movement from one hamlet to another on average every fourteen years with reoccupation in a generational cycle; and (2) repeated movements throughout the year between the hamlet home and a permanent house in town (dual-residence). Thus, over a domestic cycle of approximately thirty-five years, the typical agricultural family occupied at least three houses. These data suggest a need to revise existing Pre-Columbian population estimates for the agricultural population providing food to the city-states of the Northern Maya Lowlands. In general, estimates based on house mounds have not included rates of reduction due to mobility or dual residency for lack of detailed ethnographic information such as we here provide for the agricultural families of Pich.

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          Relación de las cosas de Yucatán

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            Ridged Fields and Associated Features in Southern Campeche: New Perspectives on the Lowland Maya

            Prehistoric ridged fields and canals were recognized from the air in 1968 along the Candelaria River of Campeche, Mexico, in the vicinity of sites described by E. Willys Andrews in 1943. These remains were subsequently identified by Scholes and Roys as the settlements of Acalan, a native province along the route of the journey by Cortes to Honduras. Ground exploration in 1969 and 1970 has suggested that the fields were used over a considerable period of time under a system of diversified horticulture. The extensive canal system apparently provided access from the rivers to firm ground and allowed shortcuts and bypasses alongside the rivers themselves. The landscape suggests a considerable prehistoric population, vigorously engaged in major public works projects over a large area. It invites further integrated investigation of its past human ecology, particularly for information on variants of basic Lowland Maya subsistence patterns and the new perspectives this may give on the structure, success and demise of this civilization. An earlier version of this paper was read at the 39th International Congress of Americanists in Lima, 1970.
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              A New Population Estimate for Tikal, Guatemala

              In 1965, the author of this paper published a preliminary population estimate of 10,000-11,000 persons for Tikal as then known. Since 1965, mapping and excavation on four radial strips which run up to 12 km. in the four cardinal directions from the center of Tikal have broadened our knowledge of settlement at this site. We now have a good idea of the actual size of Late Classic Tikal, as well as its demographic makeup. This permits a new estimate of its Late Classic population as, conservatively, 49,000 persons. It is suggested that Late Classic Tikal qualifies as an urban center, but of a different sort than the urban centers of Mexico.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ecm
                Estudios de cultura maya
                Estud. cult. maya
                UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas (México )
                0185-2574
                2011
                : 38
                : 0
                : 97-120
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
                Article
                S0185-25742011000200004
                2eb2bce5-01f5-4be7-a19d-5d0ee9e8f030

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Anthropology
                Archaeology

                Archaeology,Anthropology
                mayas yucatecos,agroecología,arqueología demográfica,agricultura nómada,familias milperas,Maya Yucatecan,Agro-ecology,Demographic archeology,Nomadic agriculture,Milpa families

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