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      The roles of special proresolving mediators in pain relief.

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          Abstract

          The resolution of acute inflammation, once thought to be a passive process, is now recognized as an active one. The productions of endogenous special proresolving mediators (SPMs) are involved in this process. SPMs, including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are endogenous lipid mediators generated from ω-6 arachidonic acid or ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. They have potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions in various inflammatory disorders. Due to the potent proresolving and anti-inflammatory effects, SPMs are also used for pain relief. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which SPMs act on their respective G-protein-coupled receptors in immune cells and nerve cells to normalize pain via regulating inflammatory mediators, transient receptor potential ion channels, and central sensitization. SPMs may offer novel therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating pain conditions associated with inflammation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Rev Neurosci
          Reviews in the neurosciences
          Walter de Gruyter GmbH
          2191-0200
          0334-1763
          August 28 2018
          : 29
          : 6
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, P.R.China.
          Article
          /j/revneuro.ahead-of-print/revneuro-2017-0074/revneuro-2017-0074.xml
          10.1515/revneuro-2017-0074
          29420307
          2ec0a700-86c3-49b9-a79c-8b2f02f9b10c
          History

          pain,SPMs,TRP,central sensitization,inflammation
          pain, SPMs, TRP, central sensitization, inflammation

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