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      Proteína Morfogenética Ósea y su Opción como Tratamiento de la Fisura Alveolar Translated title: Bone Morphogenetic Protein and its Option as an Alveolar Cleft Treatment

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          Abstract

          La proteína morfogenética ósea (BMP), es una proteína endógena que ha mostrado efectos significativos en la promoción de la formación ósea. El uso de BMP ha sido descrito en la reconstrucción de defectos óseos de origen traumáticos y patológicos, incluyendo la fisura alveolar, el aumento de reborde alveolar, la elevación de seno maxilar, el injerto de alveolo post-extracción, y la cirugía perimplantaria entre otros. A pesar de las ventajas asociadas al uso de BMP y que en la actualidad se aplica en combinación con matrices de colágeno, ciertas propiedades tales como su baja resistencia mecánica y su elevada tasa de liberación inicial disminuyen su eficacia en la formación ósea. En este contexto, el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas de liberación prolongada de BMP que permitan la quimiotaxis de células mesenquimáticas y su posterior diferenciación a osteoblastos representa un desafío con alto potencial clínico para la estimulación de la formación ósea. En este trabajo, se describe el uso de BMP en la reconstrucción de fisuras alveolares y en particular se discuten las ventajas de su administración en micropartículas poliméricas comosistemas de liberación de BMP (rhBMP-2) con promisorias aplicaciones en la estimulación de la formación ósea.

          Translated abstract

          Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is an endogenous protein that has shown significant effects in the promotion of bone formation. BMP also has been described in the reconstruction of traumatic and pathological bone defects, including alveolar cleft, alveolar ridge augmentation, maxillary sinus elevation, and applications in post-extraction alveolus graft, and peri-implant surgery among others. Despite the advantages associated with the use of BMP, currently is applied in combination with collagen matrices, which has certain properties such as low mechanical resistance and a high burst initial release that diminish its effectiveness in bone formation. In this context, the development of novel systems with greater mechanical resistance and prolonged release of BMP, that lead to chemotaxis of mesenchymal cells, following by its differentiation to osteoblasts represents a major challenge that holds outstanding clinical potential for the stimulation of bone formation. In this paper, we describe the use of BMP for the reconstruction of alveolar clefts, and its advantages being administrated in polymeric microparticles as sustain release system with promising applications in the stimulation of bone formation.

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          An Overview of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA)-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

          Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has attracted considerable interest as a base material for biomedical applications due to its: (i) biocompatibility; (ii) tailored biodegradation rate (depending on the molecular weight and copolymer ratio); (iii) approval for clinical use in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); (iv) potential to modify surface properties to provide better interaction with biological materials; and (v) suitability for export to countries and cultures where implantation of animal-derived products is unpopular. This paper critically reviews the scientific challenge of manufacturing PLGA-based materials with suitable properties and shapes for specific biomedical applications, with special emphasis on bone tissue engineering. The analysis of the state of the art in the field reveals the presence of current innovative techniques for scaffolds and material manufacturing that are currently opening the way to prepare biomimetic PLGA substrates able to modulate cell interaction for improved substitution, restoration, or enhancement of bone tissue function.
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            Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities.

            Protein extracts derived from bone can initiate the process that begins with cartilage formation and ends in de novo bone formation. The critical components of this extract, termed bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), that direct cartilage and bone formation as well as the constitutive elements supplied by the animal during this process have long remained unclear. Amino acid sequence has been derived from a highly purified preparation of BMP from bovine bone. Now, human complementary DNA clones corresponding to three polypeptides present in this BMP preparation have been isolated, and expression of the recombinant human proteins have been obtained. Each of the three (BMP-1, BMP-2A, and BMP-3) appears to be independently capable of inducing the formation of cartilage in vivo. Two of the encoded proteins (BMP-2A and BMP-3) are new members of the TGF-beta supergene family, while the third, BMP-1, appears to be a novel regulatory molecule.
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              Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                March 2017
                : 35
                : 1
                : 310-318
                Affiliations
                [03] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas Chile
                [02] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas Chile
                [08] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chile orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas Chile
                [05] Santiago orgnameCenter for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Chile
                [06] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Departamento de Cirugía y Traumatología Maxilofacial Chile
                [01] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1División de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial Chile
                [04] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Andres Bello orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine / Faculty of Biological Sciences orgdiv2Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science / Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology Chile
                [07] Santiago orgnameHospital del Salvador orgdiv1Unidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial Chile
                Article
                S0717-95022017000100049
                10.4067/S0717-95022017000100049
                2edb61ac-59cc-40b9-b64e-77720506e9f1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2017
                : 01 December 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Proteína morfogenética ósea,rhBMP-2,Fisura alveolar,Micropartículas,Bone morphogenetic protein,Alveolar cleft,Micropaticles

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