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      Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur intestinalen Mikrozirkulation bei Endotoxinämie

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          Abstract

          Die Störung der intestinalen Mikrozirkulation gilt als ein kardinaler Mechanismus für die Entwicklung des Multiorganversagens bei Sepsis. Da das Intestinum für mikrozirkulatorische Studien klinisch kaum zugänglich ist, wurden die Auswirkungen einer Therapie mit den antioxidativen Substanzen Oxypurinol und U-74389G (Lazaroid) bzw. den vasoaktiven Substanzen Iloprost (Prostacyclin-Analogon) und Dopexamin auf die intestinale Mikrozirkulation und die systemische Mediatorfreisetzung in einem Tiermodell mit moderater und hoher Endotoxin-Belastung untersucht. Die intravitalmikroskopische Untersuchung der Kapillarperfusion in der Muskularisschicht bei Endotoxinämie erbrachte eine Verbesserung durch Oxypurinol- und Dopexamingabe. Die Perfusion der Mukosa konnte vor allem durch eine Iloprostapplikation gesteigert werden. Die Endotoxin-induzierte, intestinale Leukozytenadhärenz wurde insbesondere durch die Behandlung mit den antioxidativen Substanzen vermindert. Beide therapeutischen Optionen bewirkten eine ca. 60 %ige Reduktion der initialen Tumornekrosefaktor-alpha-Freisetzung in der Versuchsreihe mit der niedrigeren Endotoxin-Dosis. Parallel dazu konnte anhand von Malondialdehyd-Analysen gezeigt werden, dass Oxypurinol und U-74389G wirksam die intestinale, Radikal-induzierte Lipidperoxidation verringerten. Der intestinale mikrovaskuläre Blutfluss konnte durch beide vasoaktiven Substanzen - sowohl bei moderater als auch bei erhöhter Endotoxin-Dosierung - signifikant gesteigert werden. Die Ergebnisse beider Teilstudien bestätigten, dass sowohl reaktive Sauerstoffspezies als auch eine inadäquate Perfusion in der Mikrozirkulation wesentliche pathogenetische Faktoren bei Endotoxinämie bzw. Sepsis darstellen und entsprechende Therapieformen indiziert und effektiv sind. Eine kombinierte Gabe beider Substanzklassen erscheint daher sinnvoll und sollte in weiteren tierexperimentellen und klinischen Studien evaluiert werden.

          Abstract

          The disturbance of the intestinal microcirculation is regarded as a pivotal mechanism in the development of multiorgan failure related to sepsis. Since the intestine is clinically not accessible for microcirculatory studies, the effects of a therapy with the antioxidants oxypurinol and U-74389G (lazaroid) as well as the vasoactive substances iloprost (a prostacyclin analogue) and dopexamine on the intestinal microcirculation and the systemic mediator release was studied in an animal model with moderate and high endotoxin challenge. The intravital microscopic examination of the capillary perfusion in the muscularis layer of the intestine during endotoxemia revealed an improvement by administration of oxypurinol and dopexamine. The perfusion of the mucosa could be increased by iloprost administration. The amount of the endotoxin induced, intestinal leukocyte adherence was especially decreased by the treatment with the antioxidants. Both therapeutic options caused a 60 % reduction in the initial tumor necrosis factor-alpha-release in the experiments with the lower endotoxin dose. Malondialdehyde analyses showed that oxypurinol and U-74389G reduced effectively the intestinal, radical-induced lipid peroxidation. The intestinal microvascular blood flow could be significantly increased by both vasoactive substances - as well as with moderately than also with elevated endotoxin-dosage. The results of the study confirmed that both reactive oxygen-species as well as an inadequate perfusion in the microcirculation represent essential pathogenetic factors during endotoxemia as well as sepsis and index corresponding therapy-forms and participates effective. A combined offering both substance-classes appears therefore meaningfully and should be evaluated in further experimental and clinical studies.

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          Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dog.

          In 57 normal subjects (age 20-60 years), we analyzed the spontaneous beat-to-beat oscillation in R-R interval during control recumbent position, 90 degrees upright tilt, controlled respiration (n = 16) and acute (n = 10) and chronic (n = 12) beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Automatic computer analysis provided the autoregressive power spectral density, as well as the number and relative power of the individual components. The power spectral density of R-R interval variability contained two major components in power, a high frequency at approximately 0.25 Hz and a low frequency at approximately 0.1 Hz, with a normalized low frequency:high frequency ratio of 3.6 +/- 0.7. With tilt, the low-frequency component became largely predominant (90 +/- 1%) with a low frequency:high frequency ratio of 21 +/- 4. Acute beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (0.2 mg/kg IV propranolol) increased variance at rest and markedly blunted the increase in low frequency and low frequency:high frequency ratio induced by tilt. Chronic beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (0.6 mg/kg p.o. propranolol, t.i.d.), in addition, reduced low frequency and increased high frequency at rest, while limiting the low frequency:high frequency ratio increase produced by tilt. Controlled respiration produced at rest a marked increase in the high-frequency component, with a reduction of the low-frequency component and of the low frequency:high frequency ratio (0.7 +/- 0.1); during tilt, the increase in the low frequency:high frequency ratio (8.3 +/- 1.6) was significantly smaller. In seven additional subjects in whom direct high-fidelity arterial pressure was recorded, simultaneous R-R interval and arterial pressure variabilities were examined at rest and during tilt. Also, the power spectral density of arterial pressure variability contained two major components, with a relative low frequency:high frequency ratio at rest of 2.8 +/- 0.7, which became 17 +/- 5 with tilt. These power spectral density components were numerically similar to those observed in R-R variability. Thus, invasive and noninvasive studies provided similar results. More direct information on the role of cardiac sympathetic nerves on R-R and arterial pressure variabilities was derived from a group of experiments in conscious dogs before and after bilateral stellectomy. Under control conditions, high frequency was predominant and low frequency was very small or absent, owing to a predominant vagal tone. During a 9% decrease in arterial pressure obtained with IV nitroglycerin, there was a marked increase in low frequency, as a result of reflex sympathetic activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, Humboldt-Universität (kvv )
                17 July 2001
                14 April 2005
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Medizinische Fakultät
                [2 ] Münster
                [3 ] Heidelberg
                Article
                oai:HUBerlin.de:20056
                2edee5aa-98ff-4d76-a5bf-eb75a1584e7e
                History

                Medizin,Ratte,Sepsis,Endotoxin,Darm,Antioxidantien,Oxypurinol,Lazaroide,Dopexamin,Iloprost,Intravitalmikroskopie,Laser-Doppler-Flowmetrie,Tumornekrosefaktor alpha,Malondialdehyd,Tierversuch,sepsis,rat,endotoxin,intestine,antioxidants,oxypurinol,lazaroids,dopexamine,iloprost,intravital microscopy,laser Doppler flowmetry,tumor necrosis factor alpha,malondialdehyde,animal experiment,YD 3000,YD 6800

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