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      Prevalence of Trypanosoma lewisi in Rattus norvegicus from Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

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          Abstract

          From April 1984 to March 1985, a Trypanosoma lewisi prevalence of 21.7% was found in 429 Rattus norvegicus trapped in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The infection rates were higher in male and young rats and could be attributed to ecological and behavioral factors. T. lewisi was observed in rats measuring between 60 and 250 mm. Data about monthly T. lewisi infections throughout the year are presented for the first time in Brazil, with the highest prevalences observed in the warm-rainy season (October to March).

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          Toxoplasmosis of rats: a review, with considerations of their value as an animal model and their possible role in epidemiology.

          J.P. Dubey, J.K. Frenkel (1998)
          We critically review and summarize information on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in rats, mainly Rattus norvegicus, and their possible role as a source of infection for larger carnivores and omnivores. We also review information on immunology and natural resistance, contributing to the model value of rats in the analysis of human infection. Rats can be successfully infected with oocysts (sporozoites), tissue cysts (bradyzoites), and tachyzoites. Even adult rats, that are resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis, can be infected orally with a few oocysts or tissue cysts. Infections with tachyzoites of the RH strain are highly variable. Congenital transmission of T. gondii occurs at a high rate when rats are infected during pregnancy. Congenitally infected rats can harbor viable T. gondii in the absence of detectable antibodies to T. gondii and rats with low antibody titers may harbor few or no organisms. The isolation of viable T. gondii by bioassay is the only reliable means to determine persistence of chronic T. gondii infection in feral rats. No evidence was found for maintenance of T. gondii in rats by vertical transmission in the absence of cats.
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            Parasite-altered behaviour: is the effect of Toxoplasma gondii on Rattus norvegicus specific?

            M Berdoy, J. Webster, Anna D. MacDonald (1995)
            The effect of Toxoplasma gondii on rat behaviour was assessed in a colony of 36 free-ranging wild/laboratory hybrid rats allowed to compete freely for food and mates in a (100 m2) outdoor naturalistic enclosure. T. gondii infection had no effect on social status or mating success, both the product of costly and competitive activities. However, the propensity to explore novel stimuli in their environment was higher in infected than uninfected individuals. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that T. gondii only affects the behavioural traits which selectively benefit the parasite, rather than causing a general alteration of rat behaviour.
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              The Trypanosomes of Mammals: A zoological Monograph

              CA Hoare, CA HOARE, C.A. Hoare … (1972)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): mioc
                Title: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
                Abbreviated Title: Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
                Publisher: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0074-0276
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-8060
                Publication date (Print and electronic): April 2002
                Volume: 97
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 411-414
                Affiliations
                [01] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Departamento de Parasitologia Brasil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0074-02762002000300024 Publisher ID: S0074-0276(02)09700324
                DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762002000300024
                SO-VID: 2ee001b0-9861-4a0a-abaa-19802a983f67
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 16 January 2002
                Date received : 27 March 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: General biology

                Keywords: Trypanosoma lewisi,blood trypomastigotes,Brazil,Minas Gerais,seasonal periods,sex-age host,infection rates,Rattus norvegicus
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                Keywords: Trypanosoma lewisi, blood trypomastigotes, Brazil, Minas Gerais, seasonal periods, sex-age host, infection rates, Rattus norvegicus

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