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      MicroRNA Regulation of Bovine Monocyte Inflammatory and Metabolic Networks in an In Vivo Infection Model

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          Abstract

          Bovine mastitis is an inflammation-driven disease of the bovine mammary gland that costs the global dairy industry several billion dollars per year. Because disease susceptibility is a multifactorial complex phenotype, an integrative biology approach is required to dissect the molecular networks involved. Here, we report such an approach using next-generation sequencing combined with advanced network and pathway biology methods to simultaneously profile mRNA and miRNA expression at multiple time points (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr) in milk and blood FACS-isolated CD14 + monocytes from animals infected in vivo with Streptococcus uberis. More than 3700 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in milk-isolated monocytes (MIMs), a key immune cell recruited to the site of infection during mastitis. Upregulated genes were significantly enriched for inflammatory pathways, whereas downregulated genes were enriched for nonglycolytic metabolic pathways. Monocyte transcriptional changes in the blood, however, were more subtle but highlighted the impact of this infection systemically. Genes upregulated in blood-isolated monocytes (BIMs) showed a significant association with interferon and chemokine signaling. Furthermore, 26 miRNAs were DE in MIMs and three were DE in BIMs. Pathway analysis revealed that predicted targets of downregulated miRNAs were highly enriched for roles in innate immunity (FDR < 3.4E−8), particularly TLR signaling, whereas upregulated miRNAs preferentially targeted genes involved in metabolism. We conclude that during S. uberis infection miRNAs are key amplifiers of monocyte inflammatory response networks and repressors of several metabolic pathways.

          Most cited references53

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          Ago HITS-CLIP decodes miRNA-mRNA interaction maps

          Summary MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression. However, since miRNA activity requires base pairing with only 6-8 nucleotides of mRNA, predicting target mRNAs is a major challenge. Recently, high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) has identified functional protein-RNA interaction sites. Here we use HITS-CLIP to covalently crosslink native Argonaute (Ago) protein-RNA complexes in mouse brain. This produced two simultaneous datasets—Ago-miRNA and Ago-mRNA binding sites—that were combined with bioinformatic analysis to identify miRNA-target mRNA interaction sites. We validated genome-wide interaction maps for miR-124, and generated additional maps for the 20 most abundant miRNAs present in P13 mouse brain. Ago HITS-CLIP provides a general platform for exploring the specificity and range of miRNA action in vivo, and identifies precise sequences for targeting clinically relevant miRNA-mRNA interactions.
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            Physiological and pathological roles for microRNAs in the immune system.

            Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified as important regulators of gene expression, and they function by repressing specific target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Now, studies of miRNAs are resolving some unsolved issues in immunology. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs have unique expression profiles in cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems and have pivotal roles in the regulation of both cell development and function. Furthermore, when miRNAs are aberrantly expressed they can contribute to pathological conditions involving the immune system, such as cancer and autoimmunity; they have also been shown to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of disease type and severity. This Review discusses recent advances in our understanding of both the intended functions of miRNAs in managing immune cell biology and their pathological roles when their expression is dysregulated.
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              Ensembl 2012

              The Ensembl project (http://www.ensembl.org) provides genome resources for chordate genomes with a particular focus on human genome data as well as data for key model organisms such as mouse, rat and zebrafish. Five additional species were added in the last year including gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) and Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) bringing the total number of supported species to 61 as of Ensembl release 64 (September 2011). Of these, 55 species appear on the main Ensembl website and six species are provided on the Ensembl preview site (Pre!Ensembl; http://pre.ensembl.org) with preliminary support. The past year has also seen improvements across the project.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                G3 (Bethesda)
                Genetics
                G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
                G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
                G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics
                G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics
                Genetics Society of America
                2160-1836
                23 January 2014
                June 2014
                : 4
                : 6
                : 957-971
                Affiliations
                [* ]Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
                []School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
                []United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010
                [§ ]Iowa State University, DNA Facility, Molecular Biology Building, Ames, Iowa 50010
                [** ]Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, East Geelong Victoria 3219, Australia
                [†† ]United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-1350
                Author notes

                Supporting information is available online at http://www.g3journal.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1534/g3.113.009936/-/DC1

                [1 ]Corresponding authors: Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland. E-mail: david.lynn@ 123456teagasc.ie ; and United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010. E-mail: john.lippolis@ 123456ars.usda.gov
                Article
                GGG_009936
                10.1534/g3.113.009936
                4065264
                24470219
                2f0542d5-0d85-4bf5-a81d-cb96bd1e6666
                Copyright © 2014 Lawless et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Unported License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 12 December 2013
                : 20 January 2014
                Page count
                Pages: 15
                Categories
                Genetics of Immunity
                Custom metadata
                v1

                Genetics
                infection,innate immunity,rnaseq,microrna,transcriptional networks,complex genetics,tolerance,complex immunity,resistance

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