It is generally known that health-related quality of life (HRQOL) predicts cause-specific mortality. Few studies have explored whether generic self-reported HRQOL, sociodemographic factors and illness variables are independently associated with mortality among cognitively intact nursing home (NH) residents with and without cancer. We hypothesized that sociodemographic factors and illness variables would be associated with mortality and that HRQOL, measured using the SF-36 Health Survey, would predict mortality among NH residents with and without cancer.