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      Cardiac Disease, Depression, and Suicide Risk by Age : A Cross-Sectional Survey

      brief-report

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          Abstract

          Abstract. Cardiovascular disease is associated with depression and suicide risk, although there is only limited research available on whether these associations differ by age. This short report examined age differences in associations between cardiovascular disease, depression, and suicide risk. The sample consisted of 301 younger adults (aged 18–40 years) and 432 older adults (aged 60+ years) recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The results show that older adults had more cardiovascular diagnoses, whereas younger adults with cardiovascular diagnoses had more depression symptomatology and suicide risk. Associations between cardiovascular disease (one or more diagnoses vs. no diagnoses) and mental health were moderated by age ( p < .05 for Age × Cardiovascular interaction predicting depression and predicting suicide risk). The findings highlight the importance of assessing and addressing mental-health concerns among cardiovascular patients, especially in younger demographics.

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          Most cited references29

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          G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences

          Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder, Albert-Georg Lang … (2007)
          G*Power (Erdfelder, Faul, & Buchner, 1996) was designed as a general stand-alone power analysis program for statistical tests commonly used in social and behavioral research. G*Power 3 is a major extension of, and improvement over, the previous versions. It runs on widely used computer platforms (i.e., Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Mac OS X 10.4) and covers many different statistical tests of the t, F, and chi2 test families. In addition, it includes power analyses for z tests and some exact tests. G*Power 3 provides improved effect size calculators and graphic options, supports both distribution-based and design-based input modes, and offers all types of power analyses in which users might be interested. Like its predecessors, G*Power 3 is free.
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            The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population.

            Kurt Kroenke, Tara Strine, Robert L Spitzer … (2009)
            The eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) is established as a valid diagnostic and severity measure for depressive disorders in large clinical studies. Our objectives were to assess the PHQ-8 as a depression measure in a large, epidemiological population-based study, and to determine the comparability of depression as defined by the PHQ-8 diagnostic algorithm vs. a PHQ-8 cutpoint > or = 10. Random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 198,678 participants in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), a population-based survey in the United States. Current depression as defined by either the DSM-IV based diagnostic algorithm (i.e., major depressive or other depressive disorder) of the PHQ-8 or a PHQ-8 score > or = 10; respondent sociodemographic characteristics; number of days of impairment in the past 30 days in multiple domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The prevalence of current depression was similar whether defined by the diagnostic algorithm or a PHQ-8 score > or = 10 (9.1% vs. 8.6%). Depressed patients had substantially more days of impairment across multiple domains of HRQoL, and the impairment was nearly identical in depressed groups defined by either method. Of the 17,040 respondents with a PHQ-8 score > or = 10, major depressive disorder was present in 49.7%, other depressive disorder in 23.9%, depressed mood or anhedonia in another 22.8%, and no evidence of depressive disorder or depressive symptoms in only 3.5%. The PHQ-8 diagnostic algorithm rather than an independent structured psychiatric interview was used as the criterion standard. The PHQ-8 is a useful depression measure for population-based studies, and either its diagnostic algorithm or a cutpoint > or = 10 can be used for defining current depression.
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              The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples.

              A. Osman, C L Bagge, P Gutierrez … (2001)
              Past suicidal behaviors including ideation and attempts have been identified as significant risk factors for subsequent suicidal behavior. However, inadequate attention has been given to the development or validation of measures of past suicidal behavior. The present study examined the reliability and validity of a brief self-report measure of past suicidal behavior, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Participants included psychiatric inpatient adolescents, high school students, psychiatric inpatient adults, and undergraduates. Logistic regression analyses provided empirical support for the usefulness of the SBQ-R as a risk measure of suicide to differentiate between suicide-risk and nonsuicidal study participants. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses indicated that the most useful cutoff scores on the SBQ-R were 7 for nonsuicidal samples, and 8 for clinical samples. Both the single SBQ-R Item 1 and SBQ-R total scores are recommended for use in clinical and nonclinical settings.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ruifeng Cui:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-5026
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher): gro
                Title: GeroPsych
                Publisher: Hogrefe AG, Bern
                ISSN (Print): 1662-9647
                ISSN (Electronic): 1662-971X
                Publication date (Electronic): May 18, 2022
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
                [ 2 ]Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
                [ 3 ]Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
                [ 4 ]Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
                [ 5 ]Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
                [ 6 ]VA Maine Healthcare System, Lewiston, ME, USA
                [ 7 ]School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
                Author notes
                Ruifeng Cui, PhD, VISN 4 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Research Office Building, Mail Code 151, University Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA ruifeng.cui@ 123456va.gov
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4757-5026
                Article
                ApaID ID: gro_a000291_-1_1
                DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000291
                SO-VID: 2f281ad2-a9c4-408f-90f8-b81423599d8a
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2022
                History
                Date received : November 23, 2021
                Date accepted : April 19, 2022
                Funding
                Funding: R. Cui was supported by the Advanced Fellowship from the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC; Director: D. Oslin; Associate Director: G. Haas), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System . The contents of this manuscript do not represent the views of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.
                Categories
                Subject: Short Research Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine,Medicine,Psychology,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: depression,older,age,suicide,cardiovascular
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine, Medicine, Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: depression, older, age, suicide, cardiovascular

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