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      Lesions associated with Eucoleus sp. in the non-glandular stomach of wild urban rats ( Rattus norvegicus)

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          Abstract

          Highlights

          • We used histology to examine wild rats for stomach pathology.

          • Reactive lesions in the stomach of wild rats were associated with Eucoleus sp.

          • Sexually mature and heavy rats had increased odds of infection.

          • This represents a substantial host response to parasitism.

          Abstract

          Histological lesions associated with Eucoleus sp. infection of the non-glandular stomach were discovered in a wild, urban population of Norway rats ( Rattus norvegicus) trapped over a 1-year period in Vancouver, Canada. Four distinct categories of histological lesions in the non-glandular stomach were identified in association with infection in a sample of 183 rats. The apparent prevalence of Eucoleus sp. in the upper gastrointestinal tract (ventral tongue, oropharynx, esophagus and non-glandular stomach) was 43.1% (79/183). Infection with Eucoleus sp. was significantly associated with hyperkeratosis, mucosal hyperplasia, keratin pustules and submucosal inflammation in the non-glandular stomach ( P < 0.05). Eucoleus sp. infection and/or related stomach pathology was present in 135/183 (73.8%) of rats. Statistical analysis showed the odds of being affected by Eucoleus sp. or associated stomach pathology were greater in heavier (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00–1.12) and sexually mature rats (OR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.23–17.10). Eucoleus sp. infection is common in wild rats in Vancouver and induces substantial host response. The impact of Eucoleus sp. and associated lesions on the health of individual rats and the population as a whole remains to be investigated.

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          Most cited references26

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          Rats, cities, people, and pathogens: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature regarding the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses in urban centers.

          Urban Norway and black rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) are the source of a number of pathogens responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in cities around the world. These pathogens include zoonotic bacteria (Leptospira interrogans, Yersina pestis, Rickettsia typhi, Bartonella spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis), viruses (Seoul hantavirus), and parasites (Angiostrongylus cantonensis). A more complete understanding of the ecology of these pathogens in people and rats is critical for determining the public health risks associated with urban rats and for developing strategies to monitor and mitigate those risks. Although the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses is complex, due to the multiple ways in which rats, people, pathogens, vectors, and the environment may interact, common determinants of human disease can still be identified. This review summarizes the ecology of zoonoses associated with urban rats with a view to identifying similarities, critical differences, and avenues for further study.
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            Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats: II. Pathology.

            The aim of this study was to explore the effects of nutritional manipulations on the occurrence and progression of age-related pathologic lesions in male Fischer 344 rats. The following nutritional regimens were studied: (a) ad libitum feeding, (b) food restriction initiated at 6 weeks of age, (c) food restriction initiated at 6 months of age, (d) food restriction limited to a period of early life (6 weeks to 6 months of age), (e) protein restriction without caloric restriction. The major age-related lesions observed were chronic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and neoplasia. Food restriction initiated at 6 months of age was as effective as food restriction initiated at 6 weeks of age in slowing the progression of chronic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy and in delaying the occurrence of neoplasia. Food restriction limited to early life was much less effective. Protein restriction in the absence of caloric restriction did not delay the occurrence of neoplasia, but it did retard chronic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy, although much less effectively than caloric restriction involving a similar level of protein restriction.
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              A comparative analysis of parasite species richness of Iberian rodents.

              Data on parasites of rodents, collected over an 18-year period on the Iberian peninsula, were used to find the determinants of parasite species richness. A total of 77 species of helminth parasites (nematodes, cestodes and digeneans) was identified among 16 species of rodents. Parasites were classified into groups according to their specificity towards their host and their life-cycle. A working phylogeny of the rodents was proposed on the basis of molecular and paleontological data and for each host the following parameters were recorded: sample size, weight, geographical range, longevity, and life-style. Two comparative methods were used, the independent comparisons method of Pagel (1992) and the distance matrix method of Legendre, Lapointe & Casgrain (1995). The second method has the advantage of measuring the relative contribution of phylogeny. Both methods gave similar results. Overall parasite species richness correlated only with host sample size. Host body size does not correlate with any subset of parasite species richness. However, host phylogeny is a good predicator of specific parasites and the species richness of digeneans correlates with host geographical range. A phylogenetic reconstruction of host relations was performed using the parasites belonging to subgroups in which richness is correlated with host phylogeny. These parasite species were treated as Dollo characters, i.e. we made the assumption that the loss of a parasite species is irreversible. The consensus tree obtained reflects the major phylogenetic divisions of the host group. Finally, this study illustrates the relative importance of processes acting at different temporal and spatial scales (evolutionary time and actual geographical range of hosts) in determining the structure of helminth parasite fauna.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl
                Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl
                International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
                Elsevier
                2213-2244
                10 May 2014
                10 May 2014
                August 2014
                : 3
                : 2
                : 95-101
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
                [b ]School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z9, Canada
                [c ]Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia V3G 2M3, Canada
                [d ]Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
                [e ]Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, T140 Health Science Center, Box #357190, Seattle, WA 98195-7190, United States
                [f ]Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 306 966 2439; fax: +1 306 966 7439. jamie.rothenburger@ 123456usask.ca
                Article
                S2213-2244(14)00013-3
                10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.04.003
                4142261
                25161907
                2f2a7874-d67f-4c59-8b59-b73abd2eb2e9
                © 2014 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

                History
                : 13 February 2014
                : 16 April 2014
                : 24 April 2014
                Categories
                Article

                capillaria,eucoleus,pathology,rat,stomach,wild
                capillaria, eucoleus, pathology, rat, stomach, wild

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