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      Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia analítica por CLAE-IR para determinação de artemisinina em Artemisia annua L Translated title: Development and validation of analytical methodology by HPLC-IR for evaluation of artemisinin on Artemisa annua L

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          Translated abstract

          The aim of this work was to develop and validate an analytical methodology for determination of artemisinin used as antimalaric. The method was based on high performace liquid chromatography, using a CN column with mobile phase composed of methanol : H2O 50:50 (V/V). The results showed that the method presented linearity from 50 to 1500 µg/mL. It was considered selective, accurate, precise according to the specific resolution from ANVISA, the Brazilian regulatory agency.

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          Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in nature and society

          Gergely Palla, Imre Derényi, Illés J Farkas … (2005)
          Many complex systems in nature and society can be described in terms of networks capturing the intricate web of connections among the units they are made of. A key question is how to interpret the global organization of such networks as the coexistence of their structural subunits (communities) associated with more highly interconnected parts. Identifying these a priori unknown building blocks (such as functionally related proteins, industrial sectors and groups of people) is crucial to the understanding of the structural and functional properties of networks. The existing deterministic methods used for large networks find separated communities, whereas most of the actual networks are made of highly overlapping cohesive groups of nodes. Here we introduce an approach to analysing the main statistical features of the interwoven sets of overlapping communities that makes a step towards uncovering the modular structure of complex systems. After defining a set of new characteristic quantities for the statistics of communities, we apply an efficient technique for exploring overlapping communities on a large scale. We find that overlaps are significant, and the distributions we introduce reveal universal features of networks. Our studies of collaboration, word-association and protein interaction graphs show that the web of communities has non-trivial correlations and specific scaling properties.
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            Minimum requirements for ookinete to oocyst transformation in Plasmodium

            Victoria Carter, Adéla M.L. Nacer, Ann Underhill … (2007)
            During their passage through a mosquito vector, malaria parasites undergo several developmental transformations including that from a motile zygote, the ookinete, to a sessile oocyst that develops beneath the basal lamina of the midgut epithelium. This transformation process is poorly understood and the oocyst is the least studied of all the stages in the malaria life cycle. We have used an in vitro culture system to monitor morphological features associated with transformation of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes and the role of basal lamina components in this process. We also describe the minimal requirements for transformation and early oocyst development. A defined sequence of events begins with the break-up of the inner surface membrane, specifically along the convex side of the ookinete, where a protrusion occurs. A distinct form, the transforming ookinete or took, has been identified in vitro and also observed in vivo. Contrary to previous suggestions, we have shown that no basal lamina components are required to trigger ookinete to oocyst transformation in vitro. We have demonstrated that transformation does not occur spontaneously; it is initiated in the presence of bicarbonate added to PBS, but it is not mediated by changes in pH alone. Transformation is a two-step process that is not completed unless a range of nutrients are also present. A minimal medium is defined which supports transformation and oocyst growth from 7.8 to 11.4 μm by day 5 with 84% viability. We conclude that ookinete transformation is mediated by bicarbonate and occurs in a similar manner to the differentiation of sporozoite to the hepatic stage.
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              Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method

              (1994)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Renata Maria dos Santos Celeghini: Role: ND
                Ilza Maria de Oliveira Sousa: Role: ND
                Ana Paula da Silva: Role: ND
                Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues: Role: ND
                Mary Ann Foglio: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher): qn
                Title: Química Nova
                Abbreviated Title: Quím. Nova
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Química (São Paulo )
                ISSN: 1678-7064
                Publication date (Print): 2009
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 875-878
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0100-40422009000400009
                DOI: 10.1590/S0100-40422009000400009
                SO-VID: 2f3a4c96-7402-4886-87b4-725e3d63dee3
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-4042&lng=en
                Categories
                Subject: CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General chemistry
                Keywords: Artemisia annua L.,clean-up,liquid chromatographic
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General chemistry
                Keywords: Artemisia annua L., clean-up, liquid chromatographic

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