Professional karate-do and mixed martial arts fighters present with a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders.

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Abstract

Facial trauma in sports has been associated with temporomandibular disorders. Because of the intensity and duration of training needed for elite-level competitions, high-performance athletes can have two to five times more traumatic injuries than recreational athletes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in high-performance martial arts fighters and compare it with the prevalence in recreational athletes and non-athletes.

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Clinical findings and pain symptoms as potential risk factors for chronic TMD: descriptive data and empirically identified domains from the OPPERA case-control study.

Richard Ohrbach, Roger Fillingim, Flora Mulkey … (2011)

Clinical characteristics might be associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) because they are antecedent risk factors that increase the likelihood of a healthy person developing the condition or because they represent signs or symptoms of either subclinical or overt TMD. In this baseline case-control study of the multisite Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) project, 1,633 controls and 185 cases with chronic, painful TMD completed questionnaires and received clinical examinations. Odds ratios measuring association between each clinical factor and TMD were computed, with adjustment for study-site as well as age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Compared to controls, TMD cases reported more trauma, greater parafunction, more headaches and other pain disorders, more functional limitation in using the jaw, more nonpain symptoms in the facial area, more temporomandibular joint noises and jaw locking, more neural or sensory medical conditions, and worse overall medical status. They also exhibited on examination reduced jaw mobility, more joint noises, and a greater number of painful masticatory, cervical, and body muscles upon palpation. The results indicated that TMD cases differ substantially from controls across almost all variables assessed. Future analyses of follow-up data will determine whether these clinical characteristics predict increased risk for developing first-onset pain-related TMD PERSPECTIVE: Clinical findings from OPPERA's baseline case-control study indicate significant differences between chronic TMD cases and controls with respect to trauma history, parafunction, other pain disorders, health status, and clinical examination data. Future analyses will examine their contribution to TMD onset. Copyright Â© 2011 American Pain Society. All rights reserved.

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Differential diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and other orofacial pain disorders.

Reny de Leeuw, J Okeson (2010)

There are many types of pain conditions that are felt in the orofacial structures. Most of the conditions treated by the dentist are associated with the teeth, periodontal structures, and associated mucosal tissues. This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of other common pain conditions the dentist will likely face, such as temporomandibular disorders, neuropathic pain disorders, and common headaches; and the clinical presentation of each. Controlling or reducing pain can be accomplished by controlling perpetuating factors such as parafunctional habits and by some simple behavioral modifications. Finally, this article offers some simple treatment considerations. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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A 20-year longitudinal study of subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from childhood to adulthood.

I Egermark, Gunnar E Carlsson, Olafur T. Magnusson (2001)

The aims were to study the development over 20 years of reported temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms in an epidemiologic sample and to analyze possible correlations between these symptoms and some other variables. Four hundred and two randomly selected 7-, 11- and 15-year-old subjects were originally examined by means of a questionnaire with regard to symptoms of TMD. The investigation was repeated after 4 5, 10, and 20 years, using the same method. After 20 years, when the original group had reached the age of 27 to 35 years, 378 individuals (94%) could be traced, and they were sent a questionnaire. Three hundred and twenty subjects (80% of the original sample, 85% of the traced subjects) completed and returned the questionnaire. There was a substantial fluctuation of reported symptoms over the 20-year period. Progression to severe pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system was rare. On the other hand, recovery from frequent symptoms to no symptoms was also rare. At the last examination 13% reported one or more frequent TMD symptom. The prevalence of bruxism increased with time, but other oral parafunctions decreased. Women reported TMD symptoms and headache more often than men. Correlations between the studied variables were mainly weak. The highest correlations found (rs = 0.4-0.5) were those between reported tooth clenching and tooth grinding and jaw fatigue. It can be concluded that in this epidemiologic sample, followed over 20 years from childhood to adulthood, a substantial fluctuation of TMD symptoms was found. Severe symptoms were rare, but 1 of 8 subjects reported frequent TMD symptoms at the last exam.