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Abstract
PYY is a gastrointestinal hormone, mainly released from the distal intestine in response
to intraluminal nutrients or via a neurohormonal pathway originating in the proximal
intestine. Although there are several molecular forms of circulating PYY with different
bioactivity, and further more than six subtypes of Y-receptors, the function is essentially
inhibitory to digestive organs located upstream of the digestive tract. These inhibitory
mechanisms are named jejunal, ileal and colonic brakes, and play an important supplementary
role in adaptation following intestinal resection. When massive resection of the small
intestine is performed, the release of PYY from the distal intestine increases, suppressing
gastric acid secretion and motility of the gastrointestinal tract, and stimulating
pancreatic secretion. After total colectomy, PYY release is reduced first due to reduction
of PYY-containing cells, then gradually increases with time, contributing to adaptation
of the digestive organs to the new condition.