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      Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

      Submit here before September 30, 2024

      About Neurodegenerative Diseases: 3.0 Impact Factor I 4.3 CiteScore I 0.695 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study: Objectives and Design

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          Abstract

          The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study is a national, population-based, longitudinal study of 30,000 African-American and white adults aged ≧45 years. The objective is to determine the causes for the excess stroke mortality in the Southeastern US and among African-Americans. Participants are randomly sampled with recruitment by mail then telephone, where data on stroke risk factors, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics are collected. Written informed consent, physical and physiological measures, and fasting samples are collected during a subsequent in-home visit. Participants are followed via telephone at 6-month intervals for identification of stroke events. The novel aspects of the REGARDS study allow for the creation of a national cohort to address geographic and ethnic differences in stroke.

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          History of the Rochester Epidemiology Project

          L. Joseph Melton (1996)
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            Stroke in a biracial population: the excess burden of stroke among blacks.

            Jerzy Szaflarski, Michael Gebel, Arthur Pancioli … (2004)
            Excess mortality resulting from stroke is an important reason why blacks have higher age-adjusted mortality rates than whites. This observation has 2 possible explanations: Strokes occur more commonly among blacks or blacks have higher mortality rates after stroke. Our population-based epidemiological study is set in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region of 1.31 million people, which is representative of the US white and black populations with regard to many demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Hospitalized cases were ascertained by International Classification of Diseases (ninth revision) discharge codes, prospective screening of emergency department admission logs, and review of coroner's cases. A sampling scheme was used to ascertain cases in the out-of-hospital setting. All potential cases underwent detailed chart abstraction by study nurses, followed by physician review. Race-specific incidence and case fatality rates were calculated. We identified 3136 strokes during the study period (January 1, 1993, to June 30, 1994). Stroke incidence rates were higher for blacks at every age, with the greatest risk (2- to 5-fold) seen in young and middle-aged blacks (<65 years of age). Case fatality rates did not differ significantly in blacks compared with whites. Applying the resulting age- and race-specific rates to the US population in 2002, we estimate that 705,000 to 740,000 strokes have occurred in the United States, with a minimum of 616,000 cerebral infarctions, 67,000 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 22,000 subarachnoid hemorrhages. Excess stroke-related mortality in blacks is due to higher stroke incidence rates, particularly in the young and middle-aged. This excess burden of stroke incidence among blacks represents one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States.
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              Sample-Size Formula for the Proportional-Hazards Regression Model

              David Schoenfeld (1983)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NED
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroepidemiology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0251-5350
                Title: Neuroepidemiology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0251-5350
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0208
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2005
                Publication date (Print): September 2005
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 September 2005
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 135-143
                Affiliations
                Departments of aEpidemiology and bBiostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., cDepartments of Medicine and Pathology, Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt., dDepartment of Health Behavior, University of Arkansas Health Science University, Little Rock, Ark., eAlabama Neurological Institute, Birmingham, Ala., fDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., gExamination Management Services, Incorporated, Dallas, Tex., and hNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, Md., USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 86678 Other ID: Neuroepidemiology 2005;25:135–143
                DOI: 10.1159/000086678
                PubMed ID: 15990444
                SO-VID: 2f498a07-ec21-496b-a356-8c28f1362a00
                Copyright © © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, References: 42, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Keywords: Southeastern United States,Geography,African-Americans,Cerebrovascular disorders, epidemiology,Epidemiologic methods,Cohort studies,Risk factors,Prospective studies
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Neurosciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry, Public health
                Keywords: Southeastern United States, Geography, African-Americans, Cerebrovascular disorders, epidemiology, Epidemiologic methods, Cohort studies, Risk factors, Prospective studies

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