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      Amplicon-Based Illumina Sequencing and Quantitative PCR Reveals Nanoplankton Diversity and Biomass in Surface Water of Qinhuangdao Coastal Area, China

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          Abstract

          Aureococcus anophagefferens caused brown tides for three consecutive years from 2009 to 2011 in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, China, with numerous, widespread ecological and economic impact on ecosystems. To understand the population dynamics of nanoplankton during the brown tides, sequences of the V9 region of the 18S rDNA gene, used as a marker, were analyzed by Illumina sequencing to assess nanoplankton biomass, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to analyze spatial variation in the 18S rDNA copy concentrations of nanoplankton off the Qinhuangdao coast in July, 2011. The results showed that A. anophagefferens and Minutocellus polymorphus were the dominant species in the local phytoplankton community during the brown tide in July 2011. The highest 18S rDNA copy concentrations of A. anophagefferens and M. polymorphus were detected at stations SHG and FN, respectively. The central area most strongly affected by the brown tide migrated southward from 2011 to 2013. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the decreasing NO x concentration might provide suitable nutrient conditions for the A. anophagefferens outbreak. During the brown tide caused by A. anophagefferens, other phytoplankton, such as diatoms, cryptophytes, chlorophytes, dinoflagellates and other flagellates, could co-occur with it. For zooplankton, due to less selective feeding behavior, Amoebozoa was the most abundant zooplankton at station SHG, while Ciliophora was the most abundant zooplankton at other stations for its more selective feeding.

          Author and article information

          Journal
          JOUC
          Journal of Ocean University of China
          Science Press and Springer (China )
          1672-5182
          06 July 2019
          01 October 2019
          : 18
          : 4
          : 962-976
          Affiliations
          [1] 1Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
          [2] 2Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
          [3] 3Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
          [4] 4Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
          [5] 5School of Applied Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
          Author notes
          *Corresponding authors: ZHEN Yu and ZHANG Lingling
          Article
          s11802-019-3774-0
          10.1007/s11802-019-3774-0
          2f6e82b2-bd28-4b5b-9399-bf2fbd8a2195
          Copyright © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2019.

          The copyright to this article, including any graphic elements therein (e.g. illustrations, charts, moving images), is hereby assigned for good and valuable consideration to the editorial office of Journal of Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer effective if and when the article is accepted for publication and to the extent assignable if assignability is restricted for by applicable law or regulations (e.g. for U.S. government or crown employees).

          History
          : 07 January 2018
          : 03 September 2018
          : 02 November 2018

          Earth & Environmental sciences,Geology & Mineralogy,Oceanography & Hydrology,Aquaculture & Fisheries,Ecology,Animal science & Zoology
          Illumina sequencing,18S rDNA gene,brown tide, Minutocellus polymorphus , Aureococcus anophagefferens

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