Progress in the seasonal variations of blood lipids: a mini-review

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Abstract

The seasonal variations of blood lipids have recently gained increasing interest in this field of lipid metabolism. Elucidating the seasonal patterns of blood lipids is particularly helpful for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the previous results remain controversial and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This mini-review is focused on summarizing the literature relevant to the seasonal variability of blood lipid parameters, as well as on discussing its significance in clinical diagnoses and management decisions.

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Most cited references 31

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Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels: treatment implications and possible mechanisms.

Philip Merriam, David E Chiriboga, Fiona Matthews … (2004)

A variety of studies have noted seasonal variation in blood lipid levels. Although the mechanism for this phenomenon is not clear, such variation could result in larger numbers of people being diagnosed as having hypercholesterolemia during the winter. We conducted a longitudinal study of seasonal variation in lipid levels in 517 healthy volunteers from a health maintenance organization serving central Massachusetts. Data collected during a 12-month period for each individual included baseline demographics and quarterly anthropometric, blood lipid, dietary, physical activity, light exposure, and behavioral information. Data were analyzed using sinusoidal regression modeling techniques. The average total cholesterol level was 222 mg/dL (5.75 mmol/L) in men and 213 mg/dL (5.52 mmol/L) in women. Amplitude of seasonal variation was 3.9 mg/dL (0.10 mmol/L) in men, with a peak in December, and 5.4 mg/dL (0.14 mmol/L) in women, with a peak in January. Seasonal amplitude was greater in hypercholesterolemic participants. Seasonal changes in plasma volume explained a substantial proportion of the observed variation. Overall, 22% more participants had total cholesterol levels of 240 mg/dL or greater (> or =6.22 mmol/L) in the winter than in the summer. This study confirms seasonal variation in blood lipid levels and suggests greater amplitude in seasonal variability in women and hypercholesterolemic individuals, with changes in plasma volume accounting for much of the variation. A relative plasma hypervolemia during the summer seems to be linked to increases in temperature and/or physical activity. These findings have implications for lipid screening guidelines. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of a relative winter hemoconcentration.

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Seasonal variation in metabolic syndrome prevalence.

Yusuke Tomotsune, Hiromi Yunaka, Yutaka Otsuji … (2010)

Accumulating evidence has shown that seasonal variations can exist within metabolic syndrome parameters. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that there are seasonal variations in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese subjects. We investigated a total of 1202 male workers in our institution (44+/-10 years) who underwent health checkups in both June (summer) and December (winter) 2008. In this study, metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (JSIM). Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and fasting glucose, as well as blood pressure (BP), were significantly higher in winter than in summer, whereas waist circumference and serum levels of triglyceride exhibited little change. The prevalence rates of NCEP, IDF, and JSIM metabolic syndrome in this study were 3.8, 15.1 and 12.4% in winter and 3.2, 10.7 and 8.4% in summer, respectively. Of all metabolic syndrome components, an elevated BP was most significantly correlated with the seasonal variation of metabolic syndrome prevalence. This study demonstrated seasonal variations in metabolic syndrome prevalence in Japanese male workers. These results indicate that the season of health checkups may affect the clinical diagnosis and management of metabolic syndrome.

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Seasonal cholesterol cycles: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group.

Marc Jacobs, Jonathan Hannan, D Trost … (1987)

Seasonal variation of plasma cholesterol levels was studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35- to 59-year-old male participants in the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group. Each man's serial cholesterol data, obtained at bimonthly intervals for 2.0 to 6.5 years, were analyzed as a separate periodic time series, and distributions of cycle zeniths and amplitudes were calculated. A highly significant (chi 2= 706, 2 degrees of freedom) seasonal effect, 7.4 mg/dl higher on December 30 than on June 30, was found. This effect was similar among the 12 LRC centers, including such disparate climates as those of Minneapolis and San Diego, and tended to be larger in the southern centers. Its magnitude was independent of baseline levels of plasma cholesterol and other baseline characteristics. Observed seasonal differences in weight and diet explained less than one-third of the seasonal variation in plasma cholesterol levels. Plasma low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, analyzed similarly, also showed significant synchronous seasonal cycles. Plasma triglyceride levels showed a weaker irregular seasonal pattern, highest in midsummer and late autumn and lowest in spring. The etiologies and mechanisms for these seasonal patterns remain largely unknown.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Mansen Wang: mansenwang@yahoo.com

Qunye Zhang: wz.zhangqy@gmail.com

Xiaoming Zhou: zhouxiaoming_001@163.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Lipids Health Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Lipids Health Dis

Title: Lipids in Health and Disease

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1476-511X

Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 25 May 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 108

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.460018.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1769 9639, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, ; No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China

[2 ]GRID grid.27255.37, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1174, School of Medicine, , Shandong University, ; No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China

[3 ]GRID grid.415333.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0578 8933, Medical Data Research Center, , Providence Health & Services, ; 9205 SW Barnes Road, Suite LL#33, Portland, Oregon 97225 USA

[4 ]GRID grid.452402.5, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, ; No.107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China

[5 ]GRID grid.460018.b, ISNI 0000 0004 1769 9639, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, , Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, ; No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021 Shandong China

Article

Publisher ID: 1237

DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01237-3

PMC ID: 7249447

PubMed ID: 32450855

SO-VID: 2f8e7fb2-c105-4ffb-98a4-d14823b171c3

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 10 April 2019

Date accepted : 13 March 2020

Funding

Funded by: The Jinan Science and Technology Development Plan

Award ID: 201704105

Award Recipient : Xiaoming Zhou

Funded by: National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (CN)

Award ID: 2017GSF18120

Award Recipient : Xiaochun Ma

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 81800255

Award Recipient : Xiaochun Ma

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry

Keywords: seasonal variations of blood lipids,dyslipidemia,cholesterol,hyperlipidemia,lipid-lowering therapy

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry

Keywords: seasonal variations of blood lipids, dyslipidemia, cholesterol, hyperlipidemia, lipid-lowering therapy

Progress in the seasonal variations of blood lipids: a mini-review

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Most cited references 31

Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels: treatment implications and possible mechanisms.

Seasonal variation in metabolic syndrome prevalence.

Seasonal cholesterol cycles: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group.

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