Precisely Predicting Acute Kidney Injury with Convolutional Neural Network Based on Electronic Health Record Data

Abstract

The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) commonly happens in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, especially in the adults, which is an independent risk factor affecting short-term and long-term mortality. Though researchers in recent years highlight the early prediction of AKI, the performance of existing models are not precise enough. The objective of this research is to precisely predict AKI by means of Convolutional Neural Network on Electronic Health Record (EHR) data. The data sets used in this research are two public Electronic Health Record (EHR) databases: MIMIC-III and eICU database. In this study, we take several Convolutional Neural Network models to train and test our AKI predictor, which can precisely predict whether a certain patient will suffer from AKI after admission in ICU according to the last measurements of the 16 blood gas and demographic features. The research is based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for AKI definition. Our work greatly improves the AKI prediction precision, and the best AUROC is up to 0.988 on MIMIC-III data set and 0.936 on eICU data set, both of which outperform the state-of-art predictors. And the dimension of the input vector used in this predictor is much fewer than that used in other existing researches. Compared with the existing AKI predictors, the predictor in this work greatly improves the precision of early prediction of AKI by using the Convolutional Neural Network architecture and a more concise input vector. Early and precise prediction of AKI will bring much benefit to the decision of treatment, so it is believed that our work is a very helpful clinical application.