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      Características morfológicas e funcionais do corpo lúteo durante o ciclo estral em vacas da raça Gir Translated title: Morphologic and functional characteristics of corpora lutea during estrous cycle in Gir cattle

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          Abstract

          Estudaram-se o desenvolvimento, a função e a regressão luteal em vacas da raça Gir. As características morfológicas do corpo lúteo foram avaliadas ao longo de um ciclo estral completo (n=15), utilizando-se um aparelho portátil de ultra-som. A atividade luteal foi monitorada pela concentração plasmática de progesterona. O corpo lúteo foi inicialmente identificado aos 3,28±0,19 dias após a ovulação. Observou-se efeito significativo do dia do ciclo sobre a área da seção transversal do corpo lúteo (P<0,0001), do tecido luteal (P<0,0001) e sobre a concentração de progesterona (P<0,0001). A área média do corpo lúteo entre os dias 7 e 16 do ciclo foi de 3,21±0,05cm², das cavidades luteais 0,42±0,04cm², do tecido luteal 3,06±0,05cm², e a concentração média de progesterona foi de 4,61±0,17ng/ml. A taxa de crescimento luteal entre a primeira detecção e o dia 7 do ciclo foi de 0,42<FONT FACE="Symbol">5</FONT>0,05cm²/dia, e a taxa de regressão entre os dias 16 e 21 foi de -0,36±0,04cm²/dia. As características morfológicas e funcionais do corpo lúteo de vacas da raça Gir são semelhantes àquelas observadas em outras raças bovinas.

          Translated abstract

          Luteal development, function and regression were studied in Gir cattle. Morphologic characteristics of corpora lutea were evaluated during the estrous cycle (n=15), using a portable ultrasound device. Luteal activity was evaluated by serum progesterone. The corpus luteum was first identified at 3.28±0.19 days after ovulation. There was a day effect on corpus luteum cross-section area (P<0.0001), on luteal tissue cross-section area (P<0.0001) and on progesterone levels (P<0.0001). Maximum corpus luteum cross-section area occurred between days 7 and 16 of the estrous cycle. During this period, mean corpus luteum area was 3.21±0.05cm², mean luteal cavity area was 0.42±0.04cm², luteal tissue was 3.06±0.05cm², and mean progesterone concentration was 4.61±0.17ng/ml. Luteal growth rate between first detection and day 7 was 0.42±0.05cm²/day, and regression rate between days 16 and 21 was -0.36±0.04cm²/day. Corpora lutea characteristics in Gir cattle were similar to those observed in other cattle breeds.

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          Mechanisms associated with corpus luteum development.

          The transition of a preovulatory follicle into a corpus luteum is a complex process involving mechanisms similar to wound healing and tumor formation. The objective of this review is to focus on mechanisms associated with corpus luteum development with specific attention to the follicular lineage of luteal cells, mechanisms associated with luteinization, and neovascular changes during luteal development. Corpora lutea are a continuation of follicular maturation and form from granulosal and theca interna cells. There is morphological and immunological evidence in ruminant species for the differentiation of granulosal and theca interna cells into large and small steroidogenic luteal cells, respectively. Different morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of large and small luteal cells may reflect different follicular lineages with separate embryological origins. Following the preovulatory gonadotropin surge, follicular cells begin morphological, endocrinological, and biochemical changes associated with luteinization. Luteinization involves the transition of a preovulatory follicle into a highly vascular corpus luteum capable of secreting large quantities of progesterone. In addition, various cell types undergo hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and(or) migration during corpus luteum formation. An essential component of corpus luteum development is the recruitment of a blood supply. The development of a new microcirculatory bed involves breakdown of the follicular basement membrane, endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and development of capillary lumina. This process is regulated by the interaction of angiogenic and antiangiogenic substances. Further clarification of the preceding mechanisms may result in the development of improved methodologies for controlling the time of ovulation and(or) increasing pregnancy rates.
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            Cell types and hormonal mechanisms associated with mid-cycle corpus luteum function.

            M Wiltbank (1994)
            This article reviews literature on the highly differentiated nature of the luteal cell types and their regulation in the mid-cycle corpus luteum of ruminants. The blood vessels of the corpus luteum are composed primarily of endothelial cells with few intraluteal arterioles or arteries. Blood flow to the corpus luteum does not seem to be regulated by tropic hormones, metabolic activity, or autonomic nerves, but it is dependent on maintenance of high blood pressure. The density of luteal capillaries and lack of luteal arterioles allows an elevated, relatively unregulated luteal blood flow. Steroidogenesis in the ruminant corpus luteum manifests both dependence on and independence from the actions of LH. Initial luteinization, growth, and development of the corpus luteum is dependent on LH action, but progesterone production by the mid-cycle corpus luteum of ruminants is relatively independent of acute LH stimulation. This apparent enigma may be due to distinct functional properties of the steroidogenic cell types in the corpus luteum. Progesterone production by the large luteal cells is relatively independent of LH action, but the small luteal cells respond to LH stimulation. Much of the progesterone produced by the mid-cycle corpus luteum is produced by the large luteal cells and may not be acutely dependent on LH stimulation. Progesterone production by both cell types is dependent on lipoproteins delivered by the abundant luteal blood supply. Thus, distinct cellular features of the mid-cycle corpus luteum produce considerable steroidogenic capacity.
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              Reliability of diagnostic ultrasonography for identification and measurement of follicles and detecting the corpus luteum in heifers

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abmvz
                Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
                Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
                Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária (Belo Horizonte )
                1678-4162
                June 1999
                : 51
                : 3
                : 251-256
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Embrapa Brazil
                [2 ] Embrapa Brazil
                Article
                S0102-09351999000300009
                10.1590/S0102-09351999000300009
                2fce1967-f2ad-4416-8c1c-d5c88246415d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-0935&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                Cattle,Gir,Corpus luteum,progesterone,Bovino,corpo lúteo,progesterona
                General veterinary medicine
                Cattle, Gir, Corpus luteum, progesterone, Bovino, corpo lúteo, progesterona

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