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      Paper‐Based Electrodes for Flexible Energy Storage Devices

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          Abstract

          Paper‐based materials are emerging as a new category of advanced electrodes for flexible energy storage devices, including supercapacitors, Li‐ion batteries, Li‐S batteries, Li‐oxygen batteries. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of paper‐based electrodes, including paper‐supported electrodes and paper‐like electrodes. Their structural features, electrochemical performances and implementation as electrodes for flexible energy storage devices including supercapacitors and batteries are highlighted and compared. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and opportunity of paper‐based electrodes and energy storage devices.

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          Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

          S. Morozov, K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim … (2007)
          We report a naturally-occurring two-dimensional material (graphene that can be viewed as a gigantic flat fullerene molecule, describe its electronic properties and demonstrate all-metallic field-effect transistor, which uniquely exhibits ballistic transport at submicron distances even at room temperature.
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            Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene.

            R. Nair, P. Blake, A N Grigorenko … (2008)
            There are few phenomena in condensed matter physics that are defined only by the fundamental constants and do not depend on material parameters. Examples are the resistivity quantum, h/e2 (h is Planck's constant and e the electron charge), that appears in a variety of transport experiments and the magnetic flux quantum, h/e, playing an important role in the physics of superconductivity. By and large, sophisticated facilities and special measurement conditions are required to observe any of these phenomena. We show that the opacity of suspended graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, a = e2/hc feminine 1/137 (where c is the speed of light), the parameter that describes coupling between light and relativistic electrons and that is traditionally associated with quantum electrodynamics rather than materials science. Despite being only one atom thick, graphene is found to absorb a significant (pa = 2.3%) fraction of incident white light, a consequence of graphene's unique electronic structure.
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              Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper.

              Dmitriy A Dikin, Sasha Stankovich, Eric Zimney … (2007)
              Free-standing paper-like or foil-like materials are an integral part of our technological society. Their uses include protective layers, chemical filters, components of electrical batteries or supercapacitors, adhesive layers, electronic or optoelectronic components, and molecular storage. Inorganic 'paper-like' materials based on nanoscale components such as exfoliated vermiculite or mica platelets have been intensively studied and commercialized as protective coatings, high-temperature binders, dielectric barriers and gas-impermeable membranes. Carbon-based flexible graphite foils composed of stacked platelets of expanded graphite have long been used in packing and gasketing applications because of their chemical resistivity against most media, superior sealability over a wide temperature range, and impermeability to fluids. The discovery of carbon nanotubes brought about bucky paper, which displays excellent mechanical and electrical properties that make it potentially suitable for fuel cell and structural composite applications. Here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a free-standing carbon-based membrane material made by flow-directed assembly of individual graphene oxide sheets. This new material outperforms many other paper-like materials in stiffness and strength. Its combination of macroscopic flexibility and stiffness is a result of a unique interlocking-tile arrangement of the nanoscale graphene oxide sheets.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yat Li:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-2084
                yatli@ucsc.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Adv Sci (Weinh)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Adv Sci (Weinh)
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2198-3844
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ADVS
                Title: Advanced Science
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2198-3844
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 May 2017
                Publication date Collection: July 2017
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 7 ( doiID: 10.1002/advs.v4.7 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1700107
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Cruz California 95064 United States
                Author notes
                [*] [* ]E‐mail: yatli@ 123456ucsc.edu
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-2084
                Article
                Publisher ID: ADVS340
                DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700107
                PMC ID: 5515121
                SO-VID: 2fd5a972-82c9-4320-9403-c973a91c9a93
                Copyright © © 2017 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 02 March 2017
                Date revision received : 31 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 23, Tables: 5, Pages: 32, Words: 22841
                Funding
                Funded by: Non‐resident Tuition Fellowship
                Funded by: Univeristy of California, Santa Cruz
                Funded by: Chancellor's Dissertation Year Fellowship
                Funded by: China Scholarship Council
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Subject: Reviews
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                component-id advs340
                cover-date July 2017
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.1.4 mode:remove_FC converted:18.07.2017

                Keywords: batteries,electrodes,flexible,paper,supercapacitors
                Data availability:
                Keywords: batteries, electrodes, flexible, paper, supercapacitors

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