Involvement of median preoptic nucleus and medullary noradrenergic neurons in cardiovascular and sympathetic responses of hemorrhagic rats

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Abstract

The infusion of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) is known to be beneficial to the treatment of hypovolemic hemorrhage (HH). The central mechanism of HSS-induced cardiovascular and autonomic recovery of animals subjected to HH remains unclear. Hence, the present study evaluated the involvement of median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and medullary noradrenergic neurons (A1 and A2) in HSS-induced cardiovascular and sympathetic responses in hemorrhagic rats. The wistar rats were subjected to specific lesion of noradrenergic neurons through the nanoinjections of anti-DβH-saporin into caudal ventrolateral medulla (A1 neurons) and nucleus of the solitary tract (A2 neurons). After recovery, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nervous activity were recorded. The HH was performed through blood withdrawal until a MAP of 60 mmHg was attained. In sham rats, HSS infusion (3M NaCl) reestablished MAP without change in HH-induced sympathoinhibition. The muscimol (agonist of GABA _A receptor) was nanoinjected in MnPO during HH and MnPO inhibition abolished the recovery of MAP and HSS-induced sympathoinhibition. Simultaneous lesions of A1 and A2 abolished MAP restoration and sympathoinhibition after HSS infusion. These results suggest that the recovery of MAP and HSS-induced sympathoinhibition in hemorrhaged rats depend on intact neural projections from A1 and A2 to MnPO.

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Bench-to-bedside review: Latest results in hemorrhagic shock

Martin Angele, Christian P Schneider, Irshad Chaudry (2008)

Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of death in trauma patients worldwide. Bleeding control, maintenance of tissue oxygenation with fluid resuscitation, coagulation support, and maintenance of normothermia remain mainstays of therapy for patients with hemorrhagic shock. Although now widely practised as standard in the USA and Europe, shock resuscitation strategies involving blood replacement and fluid volume loading to regain tissue perfusion and oxygenation vary between trauma centers; the primary cause of this is the scarcity of published evidence and lack of randomized controlled clinical trials. Despite enormous efforts to improve outcomes after severe hemorrhage, novel strategies based on experimental data have not resulted in profound changes in treatment philosophy. Recent clinical and experimental studies indicated the important influences of sex and genetics on pathophysiological mechanisms after hemorrhage. Those findings might provide one explanation why several promising experimental approaches have failed in the clinical arena. In this respect, more clinically relevant animal models should be used to investigate pathophysiology and novel treatment approaches. This review points out new therapeutic strategies, namely immunomodulation, cardiovascular maintenance, small volume resuscitation, and so on, that have been introduced in clinics or are in the process of being transferred from bench to bedside. Control of hemorrhage in the earliest phases of care, recognition and monitoring of individual risk factors, and therapeutic modulation of the inflammatory immune response will probably constitute the next generation of therapy in hemorrhagic shock. Further randomized controlled multicenter clinical trials are needed that utilize standardized criteria for enrolling patients, but existing ethical requirements must be maintained.

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Central noradrenergic pathways for the integration of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

Cristina Swanson, P Sawchenko (1981)

Immunohistochemical and axonal transport methods were used to describe the organization of a series of central noradrenergic pathways that interrelate the nucleus of the solitary tract, which receives primary visceral sensory information, and the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, which participate in autonomic and neuroendocrine modes of homeostatic control. The results indicate that pathways arising from noradrenergic cells in the dorsal vagal complex, the ventrolateral medulla, and the locus coeruleus end in specific subdivisions of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei which are involved in the regulation of responses from the pituitary gland and from both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This circuitry may play an important role in the integration of hypothalamic responses to visceral stimuli.

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Hyperosmotic NaCl and severe hemorrhagic shock.

Áurio Lopes, Pauline T. Velasco, M E Cramp … (1980)

Intravenous infusions of highly concentrated NaCl (2,400 mosmol/l; infused volume 4 ml/kg; equivalent to 10% of shed blood), given to lightly anesthetized dogs in severe hemorrhagic shock, rapidly restore blood pressure and acid base equilibrium toward normality. No appreciable plasma volume expansion occurs for at least 12 h, indicating that fluid shift into the vascular bed plays no essential role in this response. Initial effects wee sustained indefinitely; long term survival was 100%, compared to 0% for a similar group of controls treated with saline. Hemodynamic analysis of the effects of hyperosmotic NaCl showed that these infusions substantially increase mean and pulse arterial pressure, cardiac output and mesenteric flow, whereas heart rate was slightly diminished. These effects immediately follow infusions with no tendency to dissipate with time (6-h observation). We conclude that hyperosmotic NaCl infusions increase the dynamic efficiency of the circulatory system, enabling it to adequately handle oxygen supply and metabolite clearance, despite a critical reduction of blood volume.

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Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino: pedrino@ufg.br

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 26 July 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 26 July 2018

Publication date Collection: 2018

Volume: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 11276

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2192 5801, GRID grid.411195.9, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, , Universidade Federal de Goiás, ; Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO Brazil

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2192 5801, GRID grid.411195.9, Faculdade de Farmácia, , Universidade Federal de Goiás, ; Goiânia, Goiás Brazil

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2192 5801, GRID grid.411195.9, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, , Universidade Federal de Goiás, ; Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO Brazil

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2188 478X, GRID grid.410543.7, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Faculdade de odontologia, , Universidade Estadual Paulista, ; Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil

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Carlos Henrique Xavier http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-8213

Article

Publisher ID: 29310

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29310-z

PMC ID: 6062576

PubMed ID: 30050041

SO-VID: 300b1e10-9ed3-4bdd-844f-d93fa0989717

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 19 February 2018

Date accepted : 9 July 2018

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Involvement of median preoptic nucleus and medullary noradrenergic neurons in cardiovascular and sympathetic responses of hemorrhagic rats

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications

Most cited references 40

Bench-to-bedside review: Latest results in hemorrhagic shock

Central noradrenergic pathways for the integration of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

Hyperosmotic NaCl and severe hemorrhagic shock.

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