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      Chemical communication and host search in Galerucella leaf beetles

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          Abstract

          Herbivore insects use a variety of search cues during host finding and mate recognition, including visual, gustatory, and olfactory stimuli, leaving multiple traits for evolution to act upon. However, information about differences or similarities in search pattern amongst closely related insect herbivore species is still scarce. Here, we study the production of and the response to pheromone in Galerucella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to investigate the beetles’ search behaviour. Males of G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, two closely related species, are known to produce the aggregation pheromone dimethylfuran-lactone when feeding on their host plant, whereas no pheromones have been identified in other Galerucella species. We show that dimethylfuran-lactone is produced also by males of G. tenella, a species phylogenetically close to G. pusilla and G. calmariensis, whereas the more distantly related species G. lineola and G. sagittariae were not found to produce the same compound. To investigate the beetles’ behavioural response to dimethylfuran-lactone, the pheromone was synthesized using a partly novel method and tested in olfactometers, showing that G. pusilla, G. calmariensis, and G. tenella were all attracted to the pheromone, whereas G. lineola and G. sagittariae did not respond. This suggests that the production of and the response to pheromone could be linked to the phylogenetic relatedness between the species.

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          Most cited references33

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          Interactions of insect pheromones and plant semiochemicals.

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            Multitrophic effects of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in an evolutionary context

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              Solid-phase microextraction: a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis.

              Sample preparation is an essential step in analysis, greatly influencing the reliability and accuracy of resulted the time and cost of analysis. Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a very simple and efficient, solventless sample preparation method, invented by Pawliszyn in 1989. SPME has been widely used in different fields of analytical chemistry since its first applications to environmental and food analysis and is ideally suited for coupling with mass spectrometry (MS). All steps of the conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) such as extraction, concentration, (derivatization) and transfer to the chromatograph are integrated into one step and one device, considerably simplifying the sample preparation procedure. It uses a fused-silica fibre that is coated on the outside with an appropriate stationary phase. The analytes in the sample are directly extracted to the fibre coating. The SPME technique can be routinely used in combination with gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and places no restriction on MS. SPME reduces the time necessary for sample preparation, decreases purchase and disposal costs of solvents and can improve detection limits. The SPME technique is ideally suited for MS applications, combining a simple and efficient sample preparation with versatile and sensitive detection. This review summarizes analytical characteristics and variants of the SPME technique and its applications in combination with MS. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +46(0)8-161205 , lisa.fors@su.se
                +372 7374800 , ilme.liblikas@ut.ee
                Journal
                Chemoecology
                Chemoecology
                Chemoecology
                Springer Basel (Basel )
                0937-7409
                1423-0445
                18 October 2014
                18 October 2014
                2015
                : 25
                : 33-45
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
                [ ]Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411 Estonia
                [ ]Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
                [ ]Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
                Author notes

                Handling Editor: Paulo H. G. Zarbin.

                Article
                174
                10.1007/s00049-014-0174-1
                4289973
                3014ce66-c456-4154-b9d2-83cee397fa43
                © The Author(s) 2014

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

                History
                : 28 March 2014
                : 9 October 2014
                Categories
                Research Paper
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Basel 2015

                Ecology
                pheromone,volatiles,plant–herbivore interactions,olfactometer
                Ecology
                pheromone, volatiles, plant–herbivore interactions, olfactometer

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