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      Riqueza y diversidad de árboles del bosque tropical caducifolio en la depresión central de chiapas Translated title: Tree species richness and diversity of the seasonally dry forest in Central Depression of Chiapas

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          Abstract

          Se evaluó la diversidad de árboles contenida en 96 parcelas circulares de 0.1 ha, distribuidas en un intervalo altitudinal entre 441 y 1,740 m en la Depresión Central de Chiapas. Las parcelas se clasificaron mediante un análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico y se ordenaron a lo largo de un gradiente ambiental por medio de un análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (NMDS). La clasificación permitió reconocer cinco asociaciones vegetales, tres de ellas correspondientes al bosque tropical caducifolio (BTC) y dos a los bosques de Quercus. La riqueza regional está representada por un total de 233 especies, en 152 géneros y 57 familias botánicas. La contribución de las parcelas a la diversidad total fue mayor en las asociaciones del bosque tropical caducifolio que en las de Quercus. La composición de especies estuvo dominada por individuos de etapas sucesionales tardías en las asociaciones del BTC (40-56%), en tanto que en los bosques de Quercus la mayor contribución fue de especies secundarias (46-54%). La ordenación (NMDS) mostró una relación significativa de las parcelas con 10 de 12 variables climáticas, de las cuales el promedio anual de la temperatura media del mes más caliente (r² = 0.74, P <0.001) y la precipitación media anual (r² = 0.85, P<0.001) fueron las más importantes. A pesar de que en la Depresión Central de Chiapas persiste menos del 2% de la cobertura forestal, la diversidad de árboles es relativamente alta, debido a la heterogeneidad ambiental que promueve el recambio de especies a nivel regional.

          Translated abstract

          Tree diversity in the Central Depression of Chiapas was evaluated through 96 circular plots (0.1 ha each) distributed along to altitudinal range between 441 and 1740 m. Hierarchical cluster analysis helped to identify five plant associations; three of them corresponds to the tropical dry forests (TDF), and two Quercus forest. Regional richness included a total of 233 species, 152 genera and 57 botanical families. The contribution of local plots to the total diversity was highest in the TDF associations than in the Quercus forest associations. Species composition was dominated by individuals of late successional stages in the TDF (40-56%), while greatest contribution was secondary species in the Quercus forests (46-54%). Ordination showed a significant correlation plots with 10 of 12 climatic variables, which the average annual mean temperature of warmest month (r² = 0.74, P <0.001) and mean annual precipitation (r² = 0.85, P <0.001) were the most important. Although the Central Depression of Chiapas remains less than 2% of its forest cover, tree diversity is relatively high due to environmental heterogeneity which promotes species turnover at the regional level.

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          Most cited references74

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          A General Hypothesis of Species Diversity

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            Community diversity: relative roles of local and regional processes.

            The species richness (diversity) of local plant and animal assemblages-biological communities-balances regional processes of species formation and geographic dispersal, which add species to communities, against processes of predation, competitive exclusion, adaptation, and stochastic variation, which may promote local extinction. During the past three decades, ecologists have sought to explain differences in local diversity by the influence of the physical environment on local interactions among species, interactions that are generally believed to limit the number of coexisting species. But diversity of the biological community often fails to converge under similar physical conditions, and local diversity bears a demonstrable dependence upon regional diversity. These observations suggest that regional and historical processes, as well as unique events and circumstances, profoundly influence local community structure. Ecologists must broaden their concepts of community processes and incorporate data from systematics, biogeography, and paleontology into analyses of ecological patterns and tests of community theory.
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              Vegetación de México

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bsbm
                Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México
                Bol. Soc. Bot. Méx
                Sociedad Botánica de México A.C. (México )
                0366-2128
                December 2010
                : 0
                : 87
                : 89-103
                Affiliations
                [1 ] El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Mexico
                Article
                S0366-21282010000200008
                301f4095-b789-4bb4-84f3-13f32f2ea007

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Categories
                Plant Sciences

                Plant science & Botany
                Actual evapotranspiration,Plant associations,environment heterogeneity,NMDS ordination,Quercus,succession,Asociaciones vegetales,heterogeneidad,evapotranspiración real,Quercus NMDS,sucesión ecológica

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