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      Efeitos psicossociais do Yoga: ouvir as vozes de professores de Yoga portugueses experientes Translated title: Yoga and Psychosocial effects: listen to the voices of Portuguese Experienced Yoga Teachers Translated title: Los efectos psicosociales del Yoga: escuchar las voces de experimentados profesores portugués de Yoga

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          Abstract

          RESUMO A maioria da investigação sobre os efeitos da prática do Yoga centra-se em estudos empíricos da área médica sendo escassos os estudos centrados nos seus efeitos psicossociais. Este estudo pretende conhecer as opiniões de professores experientes de Yoga, portugueses, com muita experiência de prática e lecionação de Yoga, sobre os efeitos psicossociais da prática do Yoga. Pretende-se conhecer em que medida o Yoga influenciou as suas vidas e relatar testemunhos que evidenciem a sua perceção. Utilizou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas a dez professores, cinco de cada sexo, com idades entre os 40 e os 95 anos, dois com mais de 90 anos, todos com muita experiência prática (Manos= 45,8 e DP=16,47) e de lecionação (Manos =34,2 e DP=13,48). As entrevistas, individuais, foram gravadas e transcritas integralmente. O conteúdo dos dados foi analisado com o Programa ATLAS. ti 7 e realizou-se uma Análise Temática, com a divisão dos conteúdos em temas e categorias emergentes. Os resultados indicam que todos os professores consideram que a prática de Yoga tem efeitos psicossociais positivos, nomeadamente, a nível da melhoria do bem-estar físico e social, do bem-estar espiritual, do otimismo, da satisfação com a vida, da felicidade, da resiliência, da atenção plena e das autoavaliações nucleares.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Most of the research on the effects of Yoga practice focuses on empirical studies in the medical field, with few studies focusing on the psychosocial effects of its practice, with emphasis on the relationship between the practice of Yoga and the constructs of positive psychology. This study intends to know the opinions of expert teachers of Yoga, Portuguese, with much experience of practice and Yoga teaching, about the psychosocial effects of Yoga practice. To know also if Yoga influenced their lives and to report testimonies that evidences their perception of the psychosocial effects of this practice. A qualitative methodology was used, whit semi-structured interviews with ten teachers, Yoga experts, five females and five males, aged between 40 and 95 years, two over 90 years old, all with a lot of practical experience (M = 45.8 and SD = 16.47) and teaching (M = 34.2 and SD = 13.48) teaching in Portugal. The individual interviews are transcribed in full. The content of the data was analyzed with Atlasti7 program and a thematic analysis was carried out, with the division of contents into emerging themes and categories. The results indicate that all teachers participating in the study consider that the practice of Yoga has positive psychosocial effects, namely, in the improvement of physical and social well-being, spiritual well-being, optimism, satisfaction with life, happiness, resilience, mindfulness and nuclear self-evaluations.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre los efectos de la práctica del Yoga se centra en estudios empíricos de área médica y pocos estudios centrados en sus efectos psicosociales. Este estudio pretende conocer las opiniones de experimentados profesores de Yoga, portugués, con mucha experiencia en la práctica y enseñanza de Yoga, sobre los efectos psicosociales de la práctica del Yoga. Desea saber en qué medida el Yoga ha influido en sus vidas y testimonios de informes que prueben sus percepciones. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, entrevistas estructuradas con diez profesores, cinco de cada sexo, con edades entre 40 y 95 años, dos de ellos con más de 90 años, todos con mucha experiencia práctica (M= 45,8 y DT=16.47) y lecionação (M =34,2 y DT=13.48). Las entrevistas individuales fueron grabadas y transcritas en su totalidad. El contenido de los datos se analizaron con el programa AtlasTi7 y habiendo realizado un análisis temático, con la división del contenido en categorías y temas emergentes. Los resultados indican que todos los profesores creen que la práctica de Yoga tiene efectos psicosociales positivos, en particular, en el nivel de mejora del bienestar físico y social, bienestar espiritual, el optimismo, la satisfacción con la vida, la felicidad, la resiliencia le mindfulness y las auto-evaluaciones nucleares.

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          Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

          Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
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              Indirect Observation in Everyday Contexts: Concepts and Methodological Guidelines within a Mixed Methods Framework

              Indirect observation is a recent concept in systematic observation. It largely involves analyzing textual material generated either indirectly from transcriptions of audio recordings of verbal behavior in natural settings (e.g., conversation, group discussions) or directly from narratives (e.g., letters of complaint, tweets, forum posts). It may also feature seemingly unobtrusive objects that can provide relevant insights into daily routines. All these materials constitute an extremely rich source of information for studying everyday life, and they are continuously growing with the burgeoning of new technologies for data recording, dissemination, and storage. Narratives are an excellent vehicle for studying everyday life, and quantitization is proposed as a means of integrating qualitative and quantitative elements. However, this analysis requires a structured system that enables researchers to analyze varying forms and sources of information objectively. In this paper, we present a methodological framework detailing the steps and decisions required to quantitatively analyze a set of data that was originally qualitative. We provide guidelines on study dimensions, text segmentation criteria, ad hoc observation instruments, data quality controls, and coding and preparation of text for quantitative analysis. The quality control stage is essential to ensure that the code matrices generated from the qualitative data are reliable. We provide examples of how an indirect observation study can produce data for quantitative analysis and also describe the different software tools available for the various stages of the process. The proposed method is framed within a specific mixed methods approach that involves collecting qualitative data and subsequently transforming these into matrices of codes (not frequencies) for quantitative analysis to detect underlying structures and behavioral patterns. The data collection and quality control procedures fully meet the requirement of flexibility and provide new perspectives on data integration in the study of biopsychosocial aspects in everyday contexts.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                2019
                : 19
                : 1
                : 121-146
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidade Nova de Lisboa orgdiv1Faculty of Human Kinetics Portugal
                Article
                S1578-84232019000100121 S1578-8423(19)01900100121
                3024482e-4dde-4c67-a0c3-afac2a01fcc7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 November 2018
                : 18 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                atenção plena,satisfação com a vida,resiliência,mindfulness,Bienestar,otimismo,optimism,Bem-estar,optimismo,resiliencia,life satisfacción con la vida,Well-being,resilience,life satisfaction

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