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      ESTIMACIÓN DE CO2 ATMOSFÉRICO DE LA CIUDAD DE BOGOTÁ (COLOMBIA), UTILIZANDO HOJAS DE GINKGO BILOBA L. (GINKGOACEAE) Translated title: ESTIMATE OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 OF THE BOGOTÁ CITY (COLOMBIA), UTILIZING LEAVES OF GINKGO BILOBA L. (GINKGOACEAE)

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          Abstract

          Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) es considerado el último sobreviviente de un grupo con una gran variedad de plantas especialmente en el mesozoico, constituyéndose como el más antiguo 'fósil viviente' vegetal. Los individuos de esta especie son especialmente sensibles a los cambios en las concentraciones de CO2, mostrando una relación inversa entre éstas y la densidad estomática. De acuerdo con esto, el patrón estomático en G. biloba no esta definido por la edad de las plantas. Ginkgo biloba, no es una especie nativa pero presenta una marcada plasticidad estomática. En este estudio treinta hojas fueron colectadas de tres especímenes de dos años de vida cultivados en el Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis de la ciudad de Bogotá. Del material colectado fueron seleccionadas aleatoreamente seis hojas que posteriormente se trataron con hipoclorito de sodio durante la fase de aclaramiento. De cada una de estas hojas se tomaron tres submuestras al azar. Las cutículas adaxiales fueron removidas y coloreadas con tionina para posterior observación a través del microscopio óptico en un campo de 400X. Se calculó la densidad estomática (<IMG SRC="img/revistas/acbi/v29n86/a07sy01.gif" WIDTH=287 HEIGHT=96> = 69,39 estomas/mm²; S = 16,93) e índice estomático (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/acbi/v29n86/a07sy01.gif" WIDTH=287 HEIGHT=96 > o = 12,32; S = 3,68). Con base en datos históricos de concentraciones de CO2 e índice estomático se elaboró una regresión lineal simple (r = -0,99, p = 0,000) y se determinó la ecuación inversa [CO2 = (IE - 33,427)/(-0,0704)], con la que se estimo un rango de concentración de CO2 atmosférico entre 381 y 384 partes por millón (ppm) para la ciudad de Bogotá.

          Translated abstract

          Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is considered the last survivor of a group of plants which exhibited great diversity in the Mesozoic era, and is now considered a 'living fosil'. The individuals of this species are especially sensitive to the changes in the CO2 concentrations, showing an inverse relation with stomatal density. According to this, the stomatal pattern in G. biloba is not defined by the age of plants. Ginkgo biloba is not a native species but it presents a strong stomatal plasticity. In this study, thirty leaves were collected from three two-year specimens cultivated in the 'Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis' in Bogotá. From the collected material, six leaves were selected randomly and were treated later with sodium hypochlorite. From each one of these leaves, three subsamples were taken at random. During this process, the adaxial cuticles were removed and colored with tionona for later observation through an optical microscope (400X). The stomatal density (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/acbi/v29n86/a07sy01.gif" WIDTH=287 HEIGHT=96> = 69.39 estomata/mm²; S = 16.93) and the stomatal index (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/acbi/v29n86/a07sy01.gif" WIDTH=287 HEIGHT=96> = 12.32; S = 3.68) were calculated. Based on historical data of CO2 concentrations and stomatal index a simple linear regression was elaborated (r = -0.99; p = 0.000) and the inverse equation was determined [CO2 = (SI - 33,427) / (-0.0704)]. Taking into account this procedure, it was estimated for Bogotá an atmospheric CO2 concentration between 381 and 384 parts per million (ppm.).

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          Most cited references19

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          Phanerozoic atmospheric CO2 change: evaluating geochemical and paleobiological approaches

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            The Responses of Stomatal Density to CO2Partial Pressure

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              Assessing the potential for the stomatal characters of extant and fossil Ginkgo leaves to signal atmospheric CO2 change.

              The stomatal density and index of fossil Ginkgo leaves (Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) have been investigated to test whether these plant fossils provide evidence for CO(2)-rich atmosphere in the Mesozoic. We first assessed five sources of natural variation in the stomatal density and index of extant Gingko biloba leaves: (1) timing of leaf maturation, (2) young vs. fully developed leaves, (3) short shoots vs. long shoots, (4) position in the canopy, and (5) male vs. female trees. Our analysis indicated that some significant differences in leaf stomatal density and index were evident arising from these considerations. However, this variability was considerably less than the difference in leaf stomatal density and index between modern and fossil samples, with the stomatal index of four species of Mesozoic Ginkgo (G. coriacea, G. huttoni, G. yimaensis, and G. obrutschewii) 60-40% lower than the modern values recorded in this study for extant G. biloba. Calculated as stomatal ratios (the stomatal index of the fossil leaves relative to the modern value), the values generally tracked the CO(2) variations predicted by a long-term carbon cycle model confirming the utility of this plant group to provide a reasonable measure of ancient atmospheric CO(2) change.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                acbi
                Actualidades Biológicas
                Actu Biol
                Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0304-3584
                June 2007
                : 29
                : 86
                : 79-85
                Affiliations
                [02] Bucaramanga Santander orgnameUniversidad Industrial de Santander orgdiv1Escuela de Ingeniería Química Colombia
                [01] Bucaramanga Santander orgnameUniversidad Industrial de Santander orgdiv1Escuela de Ingeniería Química Colombia jaherjer@ 123456uis.edu.co
                Article
                S0304-35842007000100007 S0304-3584(07)02908607
                3059d177-dde9-4f3d-9174-b5b8db296054

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : November 2007
                : August 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos de congreso

                stomatal density,calentamiento global,densidad estomática,gases de invernadero,índice estomático,paleoclima,Global warming,greenhouse gases,paleoclimate,stomatal index

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