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      Seeding and Overseeding Native Hayseed Support Plant and Soil Arthropod Communities in Agriculture Areas

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          Abstract

          Using native seed mixtures to create or recover grassland habitats in rotation to crops or in strips surrounding fields is considered a cost-effective practice to enhance ecosystem resilience and agro-biodiversity. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of native hayseed mixtures on plant and microarthropod communities in an agricultural area of Northern Italy. Three different experimental treatments were set up. The first was a control (C) (i.e., non-seeded plots left to spontaneous vegetation succession after ploughing no deeper than 15 cm). The second, hayseed seeded (Hs) after ploughing no deeper than 15 cm. The third experimental treatment was hayseed overseeded (Ov) on the resident plant community after only a superficial harrowing. Ov plots exhibited the preeminent positive effects on the total productivity and quality of the grassland in terms of total vegetation cover, cover and richness of typical grassland species (i.e., Molinio-Arrhenatheretea species), and cover of legumes, grasses and perennial species. Moreover, Ov sites exhibited the highest abundance of microarthropod taxa and soil biological quality (QBS-ar) but only in spring, when the disturbance of ploughing negatively affected Hs and C plots. On the other hand, Hs sites showed a great reduction of invasive alien (i.e., Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Artemisia verlotiorum) and segetal weed species (i.e., Capsella bursa-pastoris and Spergula arvensis) in terms of cover. This study provides valuable indication on using hayseed mixtures to create grassland habitats as reservoir of native flora and soil biodiversity in agriculture areas.

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          Expansion and intensification of cultivation are among the predominant global changes of this century. Intensification of agriculture by use of high-yielding crop varieties, fertilization,irrigation, and pesticides has contributed substantially to the tremendous increases in food production over the past 50 years. Land conversion and intensification,however, also alter the biotic interactions and patterns of resource availability in ecosystems and can have serious local, regional, and global environmental consequences.The use of ecologically based management strategies can increase the sustainability of agricultural production while reducing off-site consequences.
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            How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review

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              Plant biodiversity enhances bees and other insect pollinators in agroecosystems. A review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Life (Basel)
                Life (Basel)
                life
                Life
                MDPI
                2075-1729
                11 April 2020
                April 2020
                : 10
                : 4
                : 38
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; elisa.cardarelli@ 123456unipv.it (E.C.); fdellarocca@ 123456gmail.com (F.D.R.); marta.zanella00@ 123456gmail.com (M.Z.); giuseppe.bogliani@ 123456unipv.it (G.B.)
                [2 ]Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; sarah.caronni@ 123456unimib.it (S.C.); sandra.citterio@ 123456unimib.it (S.C.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: rodolfo.gentili@ 123456unimib.it ; Tel.: +39-92-6448-2700
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this research.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9332-7963
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-1095
                Article
                life-10-00038
                10.3390/life10040038
                7235896
                32290501
                307fd3e9-002b-4f80-9ce6-2bfd39f5235f
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 27 February 2020
                : 10 April 2020
                Categories
                Article

                grassland,agriculture,functional diversity,qbs-ar,invasive alien species,species translocation,common ragweed,microarthropod community,native flora,ecosystem services

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