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      Phoenix dactylifera L. Seed Extract Exhibits Antioxidant Effects and Attenuates Melanogenesis in B16F10 Murine Melanoma Cells by Downregulating PKA Signaling

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          Abstract

          Background: The mode of action of Phoenix dactylifera seed extract in skin care has never been explored. Methods: P. dactylifera L. seeds were extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The antioxidant characteristics of the extract were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS +) assays and scavenging methods. The total phenolic content, reducing capacity, iron (II) ion-chelation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capacities were also investigated. The effects of P. dactylifera L. seed extract on melanogenesis were evaluated spectrophotometrically by a mushroom tyrosinase activity assay, determination of intracellular tyrosinase activity, and melanin content. The expression levels of melanogenesis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: The results revealed that the P. dactylifera L. seed extract exerted apparent antioxidant capacity and significantly decreased intracellular ROS content at concentrations of 0.245 and 0.49 (mg/mL). Furthermore, the extract decreased the expression of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2), and inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Conclusions: Our results revealed that P. dactylifera L. seed extract attenuated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by downregulating protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways. Hence, the extract could be used as a type of skin-whitening agent in skin care products.

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              Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing.

              Living in an oxygenated environment has required the evolution of effective cellular strategies to detect and detoxify metabolites of molecular oxygen known as reactive oxygen species. Here we review evidence that the appropriate and inappropriate production of oxidants, together with the ability of organisms to respond to oxidative stress, is intricately connected to ageing and life span.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Antioxidants (Basel)
                Antioxidants (Basel)
                antioxidants
                Antioxidants
                MDPI
                2076-3921
                14 December 2020
                December 2020
                : 9
                : 12
                : 1270
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; lchuang@ 123456mail.cmu.edu.tw
                [2 ]Department of Applied Cosmetology, HungKuang University, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan; bear9038864@ 123456hk.edu.tw
                [3 ]O’right Plant Extract R&D Center, Hair O’right International Corporation, Taoyuan City 32544, Taiwan; tsangchi_tsai@ 123456oright.com.tw (T.-C.T.); Steven_Ko@ 123456oright.com.tw (W.-P.K.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: ctm@ 123456hk.edu.tw ; Tel.: +886-4-263-18652 (ext. 2216)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-5946
                Article
                antioxidants-09-01270
                10.3390/antiox9121270
                7765122
                33327616
                30b01671-bb52-4854-9088-3e1a888a4ac1
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 16 November 2020
                : 08 December 2020
                Categories
                Article

                phoenix dactylifera,tyrosinase,melanin,ros,pka
                phoenix dactylifera, tyrosinase, melanin, ros, pka

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