Session-RPE Method for Training Load Monitoring: Validity, Ecological Usefulness, and Influencing Factors

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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this review is to (1) retrieve all data validating the Session-rating of perceived exertion (RPE)-method using various criteria, (2) highlight the rationale of this method and its ecological usefulness, and (3) describe factors that can alter RPE and users of this method should take into consideration.

Method: Search engines such as SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases in the English language between 2001 and 2016 were consulted for the validity and usefulness of the session-RPE method. Studies were considered for further analysis when they used the session-RPE method proposed by Foster et al. in 2001. Participants were athletes of any gender, age, or level of competition. Studies using languages other than English were excluded in the analysis of the validity and reliability of the session-RPE method. Other studies were examined to explain the rationale of the session-RPE method and the origin of RPE.

Results: A total of 950 studies cited the Foster et al. study that proposed the session RPE-method. 36 studies have examined the validity and reliability of this proposed method using the modified CR-10.

Conclusion: These studies confirmed the validity and good reliability and internal consistency of session-RPE method in several sports and physical activities with men and women of different age categories (children, adolescents, and adults) among various expertise levels. This method could be used as “standing alone” method for training load (TL) monitoring purposes though some recommend to combine it with other physiological parameters as heart rate.

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Most cited references 76

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A New Approach to Monitoring Exercise Training

CARL FOSTER, JESSICA A. FLORHAUG, JODI FRANKLIN … (2001)

The ability to monitor training is critical to the process of quantitating training periodization plans. To date, no method has proven successful in monitoring training during multiple types of exercise. High-intensity exercise training is particularly difficult to quantitate. In this study we evaluate the ability of the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method to quantitate training during non-steady state and prolonged exercise compared with an objective standard based on heart rate (HR). In a 2-part design, subjects performed steady state and interval cycle exercise or practiced basketball. Exercise bouts were quantitated using both the session RPE method and an objective HR method. During cycle exercise, the relationship between the exercise score derived using the session RPE method and the HR method was highly consistent, although the absolute score was significantly greater with the session RPE method. During basketball, there was a consistent relationship between the 2 methods of monitoring exercise, although the absolute score was also significantly greater with the session RPE method. Despite using different subjects in the 2 parts of the study, the regression relationships between the session RPE method and the HR method were nearly overlapping, suggesting the broad applicability of this method. We conclude that the session RPE method is a valid method of quantitating exercise training during a wide variety of types of exercise. As such, this technique may hold promise as a mode and intensity-independent method of quantitating exercise training and may provide a tool to allow the quantitative evaluation of training periodization plans.

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Use of RPE-based training load in soccer.

Franco Impellizzeri, Ermanno Rampinini, Aaron Coutts … (2004)

The ability to accurately control and monitor internal training load is an important aspect of effective coaching. The aim of this study was to apply in soccer the RPE-based method proposed by Foster et al. to quantify internal training load (session-RPE) and to assess its correlations with various methods used to determine internal training load based on the HR response to exercise. Nineteen young soccer players (mean +/- SD: age 17.6 +/- 0.7 yr, weight 70.2 +/- 4.7 kg, height 178.5 +/- 4.8 cm, body fat 7.5 +/- 2.2%, VO2max, 57.1 +/- 4.0 mL x kg x min) were involved in the study. All subjects performed an incremental treadmill test before and after the training period during which lactate threshold (1.5 mmol x L above baseline) and OBLA (4.0 mmol x L) were determined. The training loads completed during the seven training weeks were determined multiplying the session RPE (CR10-scale) by session duration in minutes. These session-RPE values were correlated with training load measures obtained from three different HR-based methods suggested by Edwards, Banister, and Lucia, respectively. Individual internal loads of 479 training sessions were collected. All individual correlations between various HR-based training load and session-RPE were statistically significant (from r = 0.50 to r = 0.85, P < 0.01). The results of this study show that the session-RPE can be considered a good indicator of global internal load of soccer training. This method does not require particular expensive equipment and can be very useful and practical for coaches and athletic trainer to monitor and control internal load, and to design periodization strategies.

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Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome.

ANDREW C. FOSTER (1998)

Overtraining is primarily related to sustained high load training, often coupled with other stressors. Studies in animal models have suggested that unremittingly heavy training (monotonous training) may increase the likelihood of developing overtraining syndrome. The purpose of this study was to extend our preliminary observations by relating the incidence of illnesses and minor injuries to various indices of training. We report observations of the relationship of banal illnesses (a frequently cited marker of overtraining syndrome) to training load and training monotony in experienced athletes (N = 25). Athletes recorded their training using a method that integrates the exercise session RPE and the duration of the training session. Illnesses were noted and correlated with indices of training load (rolling 6 wk average), monotony (daily mean/standard deviation), and strain (load x monotony). It was observed that a high percentage of illnesses could be accounted for when individual athletes exceeded individually identifiable training thresholds, mostly related to the strain of training. These suggest that simple methods of monitoring the characteristics of training may allow the athlete to achieve the goals of training while minimizing undesired training outcomes.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Monoem Haddad: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/308012/overview

Georgios Stylianides: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/413472/overview

Leo Djaoui: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/405299/overview

Alexandre Dellal: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/282722/overview

Karim Chamari: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/306752/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Neurosci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Neurosci

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Neurosci.

Title: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Print): 1662-4548

ISSN (Electronic): 1662-453X

Publication date (Electronic): 02 November 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 612

Affiliations

[1] ¹Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar

[2] ²Exercise Science Program, Health Professions, Lebanon Valley College , Annville, PA, United States

[3] ³Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon1 , Lyon, France

[4] ⁴FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Centre Orthopédique Santy , Lyon, France

[5] ⁵Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha, Qatar

Author notes

Edited by: Raffaella Franciotti, Università degli Studi “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy

Reviewed by: Pablo De Gracia, Midwestern University, United States; Alena Žákovská, Masaryk University, Czechia

*Correspondence: Monoem Haddad mhaddad@ 123456qu.edu.qa

This article was submitted to Perception Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00612

PMC ID: 5673663

PubMed ID: 29163016

SO-VID: 30b8bc6b-9b10-4747-bb8f-7a27851d6cd3

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 16 December 2016

Date accepted : 19 October 2017

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 3, References: 68, Pages: 14, Words: 8360

Funding

Funded by: Qatar University 10.13039/501100004252

Award ID: QUST-2-CAS-2017-1

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Session-RPE Method for Training Load Monitoring: Validity, Ecological Usefulness, and Influencing Factors

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Abstract

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NeuroImaging Methods

Most cited references 76

A New Approach to Monitoring Exercise Training

Use of RPE-based training load in soccer.

Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome.

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