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      Successful resection of a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor using a transperineal approach: a case report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) complicate surgical approaches because of their anatomical position. We herein report a patient with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum, hat was successfully resected using a transperineal approach.

          Case presentation

          This report describes a unique case of a 73-year-old man who was diagnosed with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum. The tumor was located within 3 cm of the anal verge, a location that would require highly invasive surgery. A transperineal approach was planned to preserve the anal function. Under general anesthesia, the patient was placed in a lithotomy position and a Mercedes-Benz incision was made in the perineum. Excision of the tumor was performed. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the patient remained free from recurrence.

          Conclusion

          This case highlights the importance of performing minimally invasive and safe surgery. With some surgical refinements, a transperineal approach may be an option for surgical procedures in patients with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum.

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          Most cited references18

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          Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO–EURACAN–GENTURIS Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

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            The epidemiology of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an analysis of 1,458 cases from 1992 to 2000.

            The epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumor has not been well examined, and prior studies often provide conflicting results. We conducted the first population-based study to evaluate the incidence and survival of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the United States. We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry from the National Cancer Institute to identify all cases of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor diagnosed from 1992 to 2000. The age-adjusted incidence rates and the survival rates were calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the risk of mortality. Between 1992 and 2000, there were 1,458 cases of diagnosed gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The age-adjusted yearly incidence rate was 0.68/100,000. The mean age at diagnosis was 63 yr. Fifty-four percent were men and 46% were women. The incidence rate was higher among men and among Blacks. Fifty-one percent of cases were in the stomach, 36% small intestine, 7% colon, 5% rectum, and 1% in the esophagus. Fifty-three percent of cases were staged as localized, 19% regional, 23% distant, and 5% unstaged. The 1- and 5-yr relative survival rates were 80% and 45%, respectively. The Cox analysis showed that older age, Black race, advanced stage, and receipt of therapy were independent predictors of mortality. Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors rare, but are more common in the older population, men, and Blacks. Risk factors for mortality include older age, Black race, advanced stage, and no surgical intervention.
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              Management of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours.

              Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common form of mesenchymal tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinically, they range from small indolent tumours curable with surgery alone to aggressive cancers. Making a distinction between an indolent and a malignant GIST is unreliable with conventional histopathological techniques. The presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis confirms malignancy, but all GISTs should be regarded as having malignant potential. GISTs characteristically express the KIT protein, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for stem-cell factor. Most GISTs have a mutation in the KIT proto-oncogene that translates into a gain-of-function constitutive activation of the KIT kinase. KIT activation seems to be an early tumour-promoting event in pathogenesis. Commonly, malignant GISTs show high-level primary resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Imatinib mesylate is an orally administered selective inhibitor of certain tyrosine kinases including KIT. Most patients with advanced malignant GISTs achieve clinical benefit and significant antitumour responses with imatinib mesylate. Responses have been durable, and most patients tolerate the drug well at clinically effective doses. Imatinib mesylate is the first effective systemic therapy for advanced GIST.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tfukuoka@omu.ac.jp
                Journal
                Surg Case Rep
                Surg Case Rep
                Surgical Case Reports
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                2198-7793
                10 September 2024
                10 September 2024
                December 2024
                : 10
                : 213
                Affiliations
                Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, ( https://ror.org/01hvx5h04) 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka 545-8586 Japan
                Article
                2007
                10.1186/s40792-024-02007-4
                11387563
                39254811
                30fd5259-f338-49e5-aadd-7ec863f7d3f3
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 23 June 2024
                : 22 August 2024
                Categories
                Case Report
                Custom metadata
                © Japan Surgical Society 2024

                rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (gist),transperineal approach,minimally invasive therapy

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