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      Hyperuricemia Is an Independent Risk Factor for New Onset Micro-Albuminuria in a Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

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          Abstract

          Background

          Hyperuricemia is now regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Micro-albuminuria is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that elevated serum uric acid (UA) is associated with development of micro-albuminuria in the general population.

          Methodology/Principal Findings

          We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study. A total of 1862 subjects from southern Taiwan, all older than 40 years, were screened and 993 of these participants without micro-albuminuria were followed for 4 years. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was measured two times per year. A multiple linear regression model indicated that serum UA was independently associated with ln(ACR) after adjustment for 8 factors (age, sex, and 6 metabolic metrics) (β = 0.194, p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that each 1 mg/dL increase of UA was associated with a 1.42-fold increased risk of micro-albuminuria after adjustment for the same 8 factors (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.27–1.59, p<0.01). A Cox regression model using subjects with serum UA less than 5 mg/dL as reference group indicated higher hazard ratios (HRs) only found in subjects with serum UA more than 7 mg/dL (HR = 3.54, 95% CI: 2.11–5.93, p<0.01) and not in subjects with serum UA of 5 to 7 mg/dL (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.82–2.07, p = 0.15).

          Conclusion

          Hyperuricemia is significantly associated with micro-albuminuria in middle-aged and elderly males and females from a general population in Taiwan. Elevated serum UA is an independent predictor for development of micro-albuminuria in this population.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Role: Editor
          Journal
          PLoS One
          PLoS ONE
          plos
          plosone
          PLoS ONE
          Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
          1932-6203
          2013
          24 April 2013
          : 8
          : 4
          : e61450
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
          [2 ]School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
          [3 ]Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
          [4 ]Department of pulmonary medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
          [5 ]Graduate school of Marketing Management, College of Management, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
          University of Tokushima, Japan
          Author notes

          Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

          Conceived and designed the experiments: PHL CCL YCH CLL. Analyzed the data: LCL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CWT TJH. Wrote the paper: HYC.

          Article
          PONE-D-12-37789
          10.1371/journal.pone.0061450
          3634806
          23637835
          310788f5-f74d-4b5e-b9c4-2bed44e8d2f9
          Copyright @ 2013

          This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

          History
          : 3 December 2012
          : 10 March 2013
          Page count
          Pages: 7
          Funding
          This study was supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital grant CMRP670081.82.83.84. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
          Categories
          Research Article
          Medicine
          Cardiovascular
          Epidemiology
          Clinical Epidemiology
          Nephrology
          Bladder and Ureteric Disorders
          Chronic Kidney Disease
          Hemodynamics
          Mineral Metabolism and the Kidney
          Non-Clinical Medicine
          Health Care Policy
          Health Risk Analysis

          Uncategorized
          Uncategorized

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