Myopia and its influencing factors among grade 4-6 pupils in Liaoning Province

Abstract

Objective To investigate visual acuity of pupils of grade 4-6 in Liaoning Province in 2019 and to analyze its influencing factors, and to provide the scientific basis for myopia prevention and intervention.

Methods A total of 16 716 students of grade 4-6 in 14 cities of Liaoning Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, and the long-range visual acuity and refraction was evaluated and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the in-fluencing factors of myopia in primary school students.

Results The myopic rate of grade 4-6 pupils in Liaoning Province was 49.17%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis found that the main factors affecting vision included urban and rural division, sex, recess, restriction of electronic products usage from parents, and heredity ( OR = 0.93, 1.29, 0.90, 0.82, 3.12, 1.61, 1.64, P <0.05). Among them, rural areas, outdoor activity during recess and restriction of electronic product usage from parents was associated with lower risk of myopia, in contrast, being girl and parental myopia was associated with higher risk of myopia.

Conclusion The incidence of myopia among primary school students in Liaoning Province is relatively high, exterting high pressure on prevention and control. In order to prevent myopia in primary school students, Composite interventions should be developed including change students’ lear-ning style, eliminate unhealthy living habits and targeted propaganda and education.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 了解 2019 年辽宁省四至六年级小学生视力情况及其影响因素, 为制定防治学生近视策略和措施提 供科学依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法, 抽取辽宁省 14 个市 16 716 名四至六年级小学生, 对抽取的小 学生进行远视力检査、屈光检査和问卷调査。利用多因素 Logistic 回归分析小学生近视发生的影响因素。 结果 辽宁省四 至六年级小学生的近视率为 49.17%。多因素 Logistic 回归分析发现, 影响视力的主要因素有城乡、性别、课间休息场所、家 长是否限制孩子电子产品使用及遗传情况 (只有母亲近视、只有父亲近视、父母都近视) ( OR 值分别为 0.93, 1.29, 0.90, 0.82, 3.12, 1.61, 1.64, P 值均<0.05), 其中农村、课间休息场所为户外和家长不限制孩子电子产品使用与近视发生呈负相 关, 而性别为女和遗传情况与近视发生呈正相关。 结论 辽宁省小学生近视发生率相对较髙, 防控形势严峻。应采取改变 学生的学习方式、消除不良生活习惯、开展有针对性的宣传教育等多种联合防控手段, 避免小学生近视的发生。