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      Rhizobial Inoculation Increases Soil Microbial Functioning and Gum Arabic Production of 13-Year-Old Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Trees in the North Part of Senegal

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          Abstract

          Rhizobial inoculation has been widely used in controlled conditions as a substitute for chemical fertilizers to increase plants growth and productivity. However, very little is known about such effects on mature trees in natural habitats. In this study, we investigated the effect of rhizobial inoculation on soil total microbial biomass, mineral nitrogen content, potential CO 2 respiration, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), acid phosphatase activities, and gum arabic production by 13-year-old Senegalia senegal (synonym: Acacia senegal) under natural conditions in the north part of Senegal during two consecutive years. Rhizobial inoculation was performed at the beginning of the rainy season (July) for both years with a cocktail of four strains (CIRADF 300, CIRADF 301, CIRADF 302, and CIRADF 303). Rhizospheric soils were collected in both dry and rainy seasons to a depth of 0–25 cm under uninoculated and inoculated trees. Trees were tapped in November (beginning of dry season) using traditional tools. Gum arabic was harvested every 15 days from December to March. The results obtained from both years demonstrated that rhizobial inoculation increased significantly the percentage of trees producing gum arabic, gum arabic production per tree, soil microbial biomass, FDA, and acid phosphatase activities. However, there was no significant effect on C mineralization and mineral nitrogen (N) content. Gum arabic production was positively correlated to rainfall, soil microbial biomass, and mineral nitrogen content. Our results showed a positive effect of rhizobial inoculation on soil microbial functioning and gum arabic production by mature S. senegal trees. These important findings deserve to be conducted in several contrasting sites in order to improve gum arabic production and contribute to increase rural population incomes.

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          Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity

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            Development of a sensitive and rapid method for the measurement of total microbial activity using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in a range of soils

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              Assay for microbial biomass based on ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen in extracts of fumigated soils

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                07 September 2016
                2016
                : 7
                : 1355
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Centre National de Recherches Forestières, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Dakar, Senegal
                [2] 2Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Senegal
                [3] 3Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux Dakar, Senegal
                [4] 4Unité de Formation et Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (UFR S2ATA) – Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis, Senegal
                [5] 5Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Abdou Moumouni Niamey, Niger
                [6] 6Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Senegal
                Author notes

                Edited by: Stefania De Pascale, University of Naples Federico II, Italy

                Reviewed by: Valeria Ventorino, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Felice Mastroleo, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Belgium

                This article was submitted to Crop Science and Horticulture, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2016.01355
                5013129
                27656192
                311406dd-1f9e-47a9-9143-85791e0e45fd
                Copyright © 2016 Fall, Bakhoum, Sall, Zoubeirou, Sylla and Diouf.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 14 April 2016
                : 24 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 9, Words: 0
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research

                Plant science & Botany
                rhizobia,plant productivity,gum arabic,soil fertility,mineralization,arid regions

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