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      Tobacco use and caries increment in young adults: a prospective observational study

      brief-report
      Author(s): 1 , , 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: BMC Research Notes
      Publisher: BioMed Central
      Keywords: Caries activity, Gender, Smoking, Smokeless tobacco

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Tobacco use has a negative influence on general and oral health but data concerning caries are mainly derived from epidemiological and cross-sectional studies. The aim of this study was to investigate smoking and use of smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus) as determinants of dental caries increment in young adults over 3 years. The baseline cohort consisted of 1295 19-year-olds registered at eight Public Dental Clinics representing socioeconomic strata. After 3 years, 982 of the patients could be reexamined (drop-out rate 24.2%). Caries was scored as decayed and filled surfaces according the WHO criteria and the individual caries increment was recorded by counting the number of surfaces that changed from “sound” to “decayed/filled” over the study period. Information on habitual tobacco use (smoking, snuffing) was collected from a structured questionnaire at baseline.

          Results

          The baseline prevalence of smoking and use of Swedish snus was 22.3% and 6.3% respectively. Smoking, but not snuffing, displayed a statistically significant relationship with caries increment over 3 years. For smoking, the relative risk was 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.7) and the number needed to harm 6.8 (95% CI 4.5–14.2). Thus, habitual smoking is a risk factor for caries in young adults and the findings reinforce arguments that dental health professionals should incorporate anti-smoking activities in their preventive strategies.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4253-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Patterns of Smoking and Snus Use in Sweden: Implications for Public Health

          Lars Ramström, Ron Borland, Tom Wikmans (2016)
          There has been concern that the availability of alternative less harmful forms of nicotine might inhibit smoking cessation and/or encourage those who would not otherwise have smoked to do so. The plausibility of such effects can be best assessed by looking at population trends in use of smoking in relation to alternatives. This paper looks at the relationships between snus use and smoking in Sweden. Analyses are based on a data set for the period January 2003 to February 2011 from a long-term study covering nationally representative samples of the Swedish population aged 18–79, with a total study population of 60,675 individuals. Questionnaires made it possible to identify detailed tobacco use categories and use trajectories. The results showed that uptake of snus use is much more common in males than females. Those who began daily tobacco use using snus were much less likely to subsequently take up smoking than those who had not, both among males (17.6% vs. 45.9%), and females (8.2% vs. 40.2%). Further, among those who started using snus after starting as smokers, 76.3% of men and 71.6% of women had stopped smoking completely, including 31.5% of the men and 28.6% of the women who had quit all forms of tobacco. Indeed, those who were primary snus users were also more likely to have quit altogether than those who only ever smoked. Snus was also reported as the most common smoking cessation aid among men and yielded higher success rates than nicotine replacement therapy and other alternatives. As conclusions, snus has both contributed to decreasing initiation of smoking and, when used subsequent to smoking, appears to facilitate smoking cessation. All these effects suggest that the availability and use of snus has been a major factor behind Sweden’s record-low prevalence of smoking and the lowest level of tobacco-related mortality among men in Europe.
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            Tobacco and Oral Diseases

            Jesper Reibel (2003)
            Article 0 comments Cited 34 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Tobacco and dental caries: a systematic review.

              Guido Benedetti, Guglielmo Campus, Laura Strohmenger … (2016)
              Despite the abundance of evidence linking tobacco consumption to many oral conditions, no systematic review of the relationship with dental caries is available. The main aim of this systematic review was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on dental caries in adult smokers. According to the PRISMA checklist, observational studies published from January 1991 to June 2011 were reviewed. The quality of evidence for each finding was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Five studies, four related to dental caries and one on oral bacteria activity, were finally included in a qualitative analysis; they were all cross-sectional studies. As a result, the overall quality of evidence was poor, with two articles given a score of very low and three a score of low according to GRADE. Tobacco smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of dental caries. However, the overall poor quality of studies produced no validation for such an association. Further, more extensive research on this topic and prospective studies are needed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 32 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Gunnel Hänsel Petersson: gunnel.hansel-petersson@mau.se
                Svante Twetman: stwe@sund.ku.dk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes
                Title: BMC Research Notes
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 April 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 11 April 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 218
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9961 9487, GRID grid.32995.34, Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, , Malmö University, ; 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0674 042X, GRID grid.5254.6, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, , University of Copenhagen, ; Norre Allé 20, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
                Article
                Publisher ID: 4253
                DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4253-9
                PMC ID: 6458795
                PubMed ID: 30971314
                SO-VID: 311e2aaf-6a8f-4077-91f5-6a8e8f553260
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 2 January 2019
                Date accepted : 3 April 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Research Note
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: caries activity,gender,smoking,smokeless tobacco
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: caries activity, gender, smoking, smokeless tobacco

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