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      Mesalamine-induced Myocarditis in a Young Athlete: Can He Run Again?

      case-report
      1 , , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
      ,
      Cureus
      Cureus
      inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), mesalamine, myocarditis, crohns disease, chest pain

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          Abstract

          Mesalamine is often used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mesalamine-induced cardiotoxicity has been reported in the literature and is a rare entity. The mechanism of cardiotoxicity remains unclear, however, it is believed to be due to a humoral-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Patients with mesalamine-induced cardiotoxicity could present with a wide range of cardiovascular symptoms ranging from mild chest pain and shortness of breath (SOB) to cardiogenic shock secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Symptoms could be associated with elevation in cardiac biomarkers and electrocardiogram (EKG) changes including ST-segment or T-wave abnormalities. We report a case of mesalamine-induced myocarditis in a young athlete presenting with chest pain 10 days after mesalamine therapy was initiated for recently diagnosed Crohn’s disease. Workup was significant for elevated cardiac biomarkers. The diagnosis was confirmed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Immediate cessation of the medication resulted in resolution of symptomatology and normalization of cardiac biomarkers over a 48-hour period. Mesalamine-induced cardiotoxicity is a rare, yet serious side effect that necessitates medical community awareness. CMR is the confirmatory diagnostic modality of choice.

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          5-Aminosalicylic Acid–Associated Myocarditis and Pericarditis: A Narrative Review

          Glen Brown (2016)
          ABSTRACT Background: Use of medications containing the 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) moiety may cause a rare but potentially lethal side effect involving inflammation of the heart (myocarditis) or pericardium (pericarditis) or both (myopericarditis). Early recognition of 5-ASA as the cause is important to prevent progression of the inflammation. Objective: To provide clinicians with information to assist in recognizing the signs and symptoms of 5-ASA–induced cardiac inflammation and the characteristics of the suspected therapy, and in determining the appropriate approach to treatment. Data Sources, Study Selection, and Data Extraction: The Embase database was searched, for the period 1974 to July 17, 2015, for published descriptions of cases of cardiac inflammation caused by 5-ASA–containing medications. The search terms included the names of specific agents, as well as terms for different types of cardiac inflammation. Articles in any language were retained for inclusion in this narrative review. Findings: There is no symptom, sign, laboratory test, or constellation of symptoms and signs that is pathognomonic for 5-ASA–induced myocardial–pericardial toxicity. Similarly, there is no single laboratory, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic finding or combination of findings that implicates 5-ASA as the cause of nonspecific symptoms. However, most patients present with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever within the first 28 days after initiating 5-ASA. Physical examination, electrocardiography, and diagnostic imaging will yield findings consistent with myocarditis, with or without accompanying pericarditis. Prompt discontinuation of the 5-ASA will result in resolution of symptoms within days, without the need for any adjunctive therapies. Rechallenge with any 5-ASA–containing compound carries a high risk for recurrence of the inflammation. Conclusions: Any patient presenting with chest pain, shortness of breath, or fever within 28 days after initiating a 5-ASA–containing drug should be considered as exhibiting drug-induced inflammation. The 5-ASA–containing drug should be stopped immediately until other causes can be proven (or excluded); if no other cause is discovered, the 5-ASA should not be restarted. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’emploi de médicaments à base d’acide 5-aminosalicylique (5-AAS) peut causer un effet indésirable rare, mais potentiellement mortel qui se traduit par l’inflammation du myocarde (myocardite) ou du péricarde (péricardite) ou de ces deux éléments du système cardiaque (myopéricardite). Il est important d’établir rapidement que l’inflammation est imputable à l’AAS afin de prévenir la progression de cet effet indésirable. Objectif : Fournir aux cliniciens de l’information les aidant à reconnaître les signes et symptômes d’une inflammation cardiaque causée par le 5-AAS et les caractéristiques de la thérapie soupçonnée ainsi qu’à déterminer l’approche thérapeutique adéquate. Sources des données, sélection des études et extraction des données : La base de données Embase a été interrogée, pour la période allant de 1974 au 17 juillet 2015, afin de trouver des descriptions publiées de cas d’inflammation cardiaque causée par des médicaments contenant du 5-AAS. Les termes utilisés pour la recherche comprenaient les noms d’agents précis ainsi que les termes désignant différents types d’inflammation cardiaque. La langue n’était pas un critère pour l’admissibilité des articles à la présente revue narrative. Résultats : Il n’y a pas de symptôme, de signe, d’examen de laboratoire ou de cortège de symptômes et de signes qui soit pathognomonique d’une toxicité myocardique ou péricardique causée par le 5-AAS. De même, il n’y a pas de résultat de laboratoire, d’électrocardiogramme ou d’échocardiogramme, seul ou en association, qui puisse attribuer la cause de symptômes non spécifiques au 5-AAS. Cependant, la plupart des patients présentent des douleurs thoraciques, une dyspnée et de la fièvre au cours des 28 premiers jours suivant l’amorce du traitement par le 5-AAS. L’examen physique, l’électrocardiographie et l’imagerie diagnostique permettent d’obtenir des résultats qui indiquent une myocardite, avec ou sans péricardite. L’interruption rapide du traitement par le 5-AAS permet la disparition des symptômes en quelques jours, sans avoir à recourir à un traitement d’appoint. La réintroduction de toute préparation à base de 5-AAS comporte un risque élevé de récurrence de l’inflammation. Conclusions : Tout patient affichant des douleurs thoraciques, de la dyspnée ou de la fièvre dans les 28 jours suivant l’amorce d’un traitement avec une préparation contenant du 5-AAS doit être considéré comme présentant une inflammation causée par un médicament. Il faut interrompre immédiatement le traitement par le 5-AAS jusqu’à ce que d’autres causes puissent être confirmées ou infirmées. Si l’on ne trouve pas d’autre cause aux symptômes, le traitement par le 5-AAS ne doit pas être recommencé.
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            Mesalamine-Induced Myocarditis and Coronary Vasculitis in a Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Patient: A Case Report

            Mesalamine-containing products are often a first-line treatment for ulcerative colitis. Severe adverse reactions to these products, including cardiovascular toxicity, are rarely seen in pediatric patients. We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis treated with Asacol, a mesalamine-containing product, who developed sudden onset chest pain after four weeks on therapy. Serial electrocardiograms showed nonspecific ST segment changes, an echocardiogram showed mildly decreased left ventricular systolic function with mild to moderate left ventricular dilation and coronary ectasia, and his troponins were elevated. Following Asacol discontinuation, his chest pain resolved, troponins were trending towards normal, left ventricular systolic function normalized, and coronary ectasia improved within 24 hours suggesting an Asacol-associated severe drug reaction. Mesalamine-induced cardiovascular toxicity, although rare, may represent a life-threatening disorder. Therefore, every patient presenting with acute chest pain should receive a workup to rule out this rare drug-induced disorder.
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              Myocarditis Secondary to Mesalamine-Induced Cardiotoxicity in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis

              Development of cardiac manifestations in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing treatment with mesalamine is a rare. When this occurs, it can be difficult to tease out the primary etiology, as both IBD and mesalamine can cause cardiac manifestations independently of each other. The exact mechanism of mesalamine-induced cardiotoxicity is yet to be determined although several mechanisms have been described. We present the case of a gentleman with nonexertional chest pain in the setting of ulcerative colitis exacerbation believed to have occurred secondary to mesalamine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cureus
                Cureus
                2168-8184
                Cureus
                Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )
                2168-8184
                29 January 2019
                January 2019
                : 11
                : 1
                : e3978
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
                [2 ] Cardiology, Minneapolis Heart Institute and Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, USA
                [3 ] Internal Medicine, Ain-Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, EGY
                [4 ] Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
                [5 ] Cardiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                10.7759/cureus.3978
                6440563
                3151d447-f7b1-405d-b70e-7f7180aef738
                Copyright © 2019, Ibrahim et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 22 October 2018
                : 29 January 2019
                Categories
                Cardiology
                Internal Medicine
                Gastroenterology

                inflammatory bowel disease (ibd),mesalamine,myocarditis,crohns disease,chest pain

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