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      Simulación en Educación Médica Translated title: Simulation in Medical Education

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          Abstract

          La simulación en la educación Médica ha presentado un desarrollo importante a nivel mundial, ésta se ha convertido en una herramienta mediante la cual se favorece la adquisición de habilidades clínicas previo al contacto real con el paciente y fomenta la seguridad para éste, mediante la realización de destrezas para disminuir la posibilidad de errores o complicaciones en la realización de procedimientos. Los avances en la tecnología de la simulación han creado un cambio en el paradigma de la educación y se ha dirigido la atención en la adquisición de competencias y habilidades necesarias para la práctica médica. Las aplicaciones de la simulación son múltiples y cuentan con un potencial ilimitado, la mayoría de las experiencias involucran el entrenamiento de habilidades y la adquisición del conocimiento cognitivo. La simulación en la educación Médica sirve como plataforma para la educación Médica Continua, ésta provee a los profesionales en la salud la oportunidad para conocer nuevos avances y procedimientos, favorece la exploración de diversas áreas con deficiencia en competencias y provee de poderosas herramientas de intervención para mejorar las habilidades que requieren mayor entrenamiento. en este artículo se ofrece un panorama conceptual respecto a la simulación, se describe el desarrollo, las características de la misma, las ventajas que ofrece esta herramienta educativa y se analizan los diversos estudios que se están realizando en este campo.

          Translated abstract

          Simulation-based medical education is a rapidly growing field, as is illustrated by the increased development of simulation centers worldwide. Simulation is becoming a powerful force in addressing the need to increase patient safety through quality-care training, it serves as an alternative to the real patient and permit educators to gain full control of a pre selected clinical scene without the risk of distressing patients or encountering other harmful aspects of learning on real patients. Advances in medical simulation technology along with other unfolding trends have started to shift research attention to the performance component of clinical competency. Simulation is gaining a central role in Medical education and has shifted, out of necessity, from traditional apprenticeship to more directed clinical skills training. Simulation helps the physician in the acquisition of medical skills and promotes the education within the context of patient safety; it offers a controlled environment for teaching and learning in simulators with real scenarios for medical students in which they acquire abilities for professional practice. This article provides a conceptual overview of simulation, its development, characteristics, the advantages of this educational tool and several studies in this field are discussed.

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          Most cited references99

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          To Err Is Human : Building a Safer Health System

          (2000)
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            The future vision of simulation in health care

            D. M. Gaba (2004)
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              Does simulation-based medical education with deliberate practice yield better results than traditional clinical education? A meta-analytic comparative review of the evidence.

              This article presents a comparison of the effectiveness of traditional clinical education toward skill acquisition goals versus simulation-based medical education (SBME) with deliberate practice (DP). This is a quantitative meta-analysis that spans 20 years, 1990 to 2010. A search strategy involving three literature databases, 12 search terms, and four inclusion criteria was used. Four authors independently retrieved and reviewed articles. Main outcome measures were extracted to calculate effect sizes. Of 3,742 articles identified, 14 met inclusion criteria. The overall effect size for the 14 studies evaluating the comparative effectiveness of SBME compared with traditional clinical medical education was 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.76; P < .001). Although the number of reports analyzed in this meta-analysis is small, these results show that SBME with DP is superior to traditional clinical medical education in achieving specific clinical skill acquisition goals. SBME is a complex educational intervention that should be introduced thoughtfully and evaluated rigorously at training sites. Further research on incorporating SBME with DP into medical education is needed to amplify its power, utility, and cost-effectiveness.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                iem
                Investigación en educación médica
                Investigación educ. médica
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina (México, Distrito Federal, Mexico )
                2007-5057
                June 2014
                : 3
                : 10
                : 100-105
                Affiliations
                [01] Edmonton Alberta orgnameUniversidad de Alberta orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Educación Médica de Pregrado Canadá
                Article
                S2007-50572014000200006 S2007-5057(14)00301000006
                31944e5b-884e-4ff4-8a11-70241d92d484

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 November 2013
                : 04 February 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículo de revisión

                destrezas,skills,habilidades,abilities,simulación,Medical education,Canadá,Educación Médica,Canada,simulation

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