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      Programa de intervención psicológica para potenciar el afrontamiento activo en pacientes con dolor crónico de la espalda Translated title: Psychological intervention program to promoted active coping in patients with chronic back pain

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de intervención psicológica para potenciar al afrontamiento activo en pacientes con dolor crónico de la espalda. Material y método: Es una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico que parte de la metodología establecida para el diseño y evaluación de programas. Se llevó a cabo un diseño cuasi-experimental de comparación de grupos, pretest y postest con grupo de estudio y testigo. El estudio se realizó en el Hospital "Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima" de la provincia de Cienfuegos, Cuba, de julio a noviembre de 2020. Se utilizó un muestreo intencional, no probabilístico casual o a conveniencia de participantes voluntarios, quedando conformada la muestra por 60 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron las estrategias de afrontamiento, el autocuidado, las alteraciones emocionales y la discapacidad funcional. El análisis estadístico de la información se realizó en el paquete estadístico SPSS. Se utilizó la prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para realizar comparación de muestras independientes intergrupos (diferencias entre Grupo Estudio y Grupo Testigo después de la intervención). Se establece un error α de tipo 1 = 0,05. Para ello se trabajó con hipótesis nula. Resultados: Los resultados permiten afirmar que los indicadores más favorecidos por el programa de intervención fueron las estrategias de afrontamiento, el autocuidado y la discapacidad funcional, mientras que las alteraciones emocionales disminuyeron en menor frecuencia. Conclusiones: El programa de intervención psicológica implementado demostró ser efectivo para potenciar el afrontamiento activo en los pacientes con dolor crónico de la espalda, en tanto logró promover el uso de estrategias activas, estimular el autocuidado de la salud, disminuir las alteraciones emocionales y favorecer la capacidad funcional del paciente en las distintas esferas de la vida cotidiana.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological intervention program to promote active coping in patients with chronic back pain. Material and method: It is a research of technological development that starts from the methodology established for the design and evaluation of programs. A quasi-experimental design of comparison of groups, pre-test and post-test with study and control group was carried out. The study was conducted at the Hospital "Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima" from the province of Cienfuegos, Cuba, from July to November 2020. Intentional, non-probabilistic casual sampling or at the convenience of volunteer participants was used, the sample being made up of 60 patients. The variables studied were coping strategies, self-care, emotional disturbances and functional disability. The statistical analysis of the information was carried out in the statistical package SPSS. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for related samples and the Mann-Whitney test to compare independent samples between groups (differences between the Study Group and the Control Group after the intervention). An error α of type 1 = 0.05 is established. For this, the null hypothesis was used. Results: The results allow us to affirm that the indicators most favored by the intervention program were coping strategies, self-care and functional disability, while emotional disturbances decreased less frequently. Conclusions: The implemented psychological intervention program proved to be effective in promoting active coping in patients with chronic back pain, as it was able to promote the use of active strategies, stimulate self-care of health, reduce emotional disturbances and favor recovery functional capacity of the patient in the different spheres of daily life.

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          Most cited references22

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          Real-world incidence and prevalence of low back pain using routinely collected data

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            Chronic Pain and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Integrative Review.

            Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to treat chronic pain; however, more information is needed about what are the most efficacious dose and delivery methods. The aims of this review were to determine (a) which CBT doses, delivery methods, strategies, and follow-up periods have been explored in recent intervention studies of individuals with chronic pain and (b) whether the outcomes described in the selected studies were consistent with recommendations by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials. The CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycInfo, and SCOPUS databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published from 2009 to 2015 testing CBT for adults with chronic pain. Thirty-five studies were included in this review. Results revealed that CBT reduced pain intensity in 43% of trials, the efficacy of online and in-person formats were comparable, and military veterans and individuals with cancer-related chronic pain were understudied.
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              Terapias Psicológicas para el Tratamiento del Dolor Crónico

              A pesar de que existe abundante literatura que muestra la efectividad del tratamiento cognitivo-conductual del dolor crónico, en nuestro país, se carecía de un manual del mismo. Por este motivo, diseñamos un protocolo donde se describen las diferentes técnicas de dicha terapia. En el presente artículo, realizamos una detallada descripción del mismo. Antes de adentrarnos en la terapia cognitivo-conductual, presentamos una revisión de las principales terapias psicológicas que se emplean en el tratamiento del dolor crónico.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                June 2022
                : 29
                : 3
                : 149-156
                Affiliations
                [3] Cienfuegos orgnameUniversidad Carlos Rafael Rodríguez orgdiv1Universidad Metropolitana de Ecuador Cuba
                [2] La Habana orgnameUniversidad de La Habana orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología Cuba
                [1] Cienfuegos orgnameHospital General Universitario Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Cuba
                Article
                S1134-80462022000400006 S1134-8046(22)02900300006
                10.20986/resed.2022.3993/2022
                31b1f29c-d03b-45b4-8b26-cd8876731797

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2022
                : 20 December 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                dolor crónico,afrontamiento,lumbalgia,Psychological intervention,dolor de espalda,Intervención psicológica,low back pain,chronic pain,back pain,coping

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