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      Rol de la enfermería en el apoyo social del adulto mayor Translated title: Nursing role in social suppor of elderly

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          Abstract

          El apoyo social se describe como la interacción entre las personas que incluye la expresión de afecto, la afirmación de los comportamientos y la ayuda material; la pérdida de estos elementos positivos pueden ser reemplazados por sentimientos de dependencia física o psicológica en el adulto mayor, relacionados directamente con los síntomas psicológicos negativos como la depresión, sentimientos de soledad, de carga, de inutilidad y la aparición de enfermedades crónicas. La parte final del artículo contiene una serie de estrategias que orientan al personal de enfermería hacia el aporte de apoyo social al adulto mayor. Este artículo invita a reflexionar sobre la importancia del apoyo social en el bienestar físico y psicológico del adulto mayor, como fuente para llevar a cabo estudios de enfermería tanto en el área asistencial como comunitaria.

          Translated abstract

          Social support is described as an interaction between people that includes expression of affection, behavior affirmations, and material help. The loss of these positive elements can be replaced by feelings of physical or psychological dependency in the elderly, directly related to negative psychological symptoms like depression, feelings of solitude, burden, uselessness, and appearance of chronic diseases. The last part of the article contains a series of strategies that orientate nursing personnel toward social support of the elderly. This article invites a reflection on the importance of social support in the physical and psychological well being of the elderly, as a source for carrying out nursing studies in community and care areas.

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          Most cited references51

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          Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress.

          P A Thoits (1982)
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            Outdoor air pollution, low birth weight, and prematurity.

            M Bobak (2000)
            This study tested the hypothesis, suggested by several recent reports, that air pollution may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study analyzed all singleton live births registered by the Czech national birth register in 1991 in 67 districts where at least one pollutant was monitored in 1990-1991 (n = 108,173). Maternal exposures to sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), total suspended particles (TSP), and nitrous oxides (NO(x)) in each trimester of pregnancy were estimated as the arithmetic means of all daily measurements taken by all monitors in the district of birth of each infant. Odds ratios of low birth weight (< 2,500 g), prematurity (< 37 weeks of gestation), and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR; < 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age and sex) were estimated by robust logistic regression. The median (and 25th and 75th percentile) trimester exposures were 32 (18, 56) microg/m(3) for SO(2); 72 (55, 87) microg/m(3) for TSP; and 38 (23, 59) microg/m(3) for NO(x). Low birth weight (prevalence 5.2%) and prematurity (prevalence 4.8%) were associated with SO(2) and somewhat less strongly with TSP. IUGR was not associated with any pollutant. The effects on low birth weight and prematurity were marginally stronger for exposures in the first trimester, and were not attenuated at all by adjustment for socioeconomic factors or the month of birth. Adjusted odds ratios of low birth weight were 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.30] and 1.15 (CI, 1.07-1.24) for a 50 microg/m(3) increase in SO(2) and TSP, respectively, in the first trimester; adjusted odds ratios of prematurity were 1.27 (CI, 1.16-1.39) and 1.18 (CI, 1.05-1.31) for a 50 microg/m(3) increase in SO(2) and TSP, respectively, in the first trimester. Low gestational age accounted for the association between SO(2) and low birth weight. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that air pollution can affect the outcome of pregnancy.
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              Social Support as a Moderator of Life Estress

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia )
                1695-6141
                June 2010
                : 0
                : 19
                : 0
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Los Andes Venezuela
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                Article
                S1695-61412010000200016
                10.4321/s1695-61412010000200016
                31ba0c47-d1d6-49b6-8d95-4474ae69675d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                NURSING

                Nursing
                Social Support,Elderly,Nursing,Apoyo social,Adulto mayor,Enfermería
                Nursing
                Social Support, Elderly, Nursing, Apoyo social, Adulto mayor, Enfermería

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