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# Comparative Measurements of Local Seismic Rotations by Three Independent Methods

1 , * , 2

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

MDPI

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### Abstract

A comparative active experiment that is aimed at collocated measurement of seismic rotation rates along three orthogonal axes by means of three different methods is described. The rotation rates in a short-period range of 6–20 Hz were obtained using three different methods: the 6C Rotaphone sensor system developed by the authors, the commercial R-1 rotational sensor by Eentec, and a small-aperture array of twelve standard velocigraphs in a rectangular arrangement. Those three methods are compared and discussed in detail. A medium-size quarry blast was used as a seismic source. At a distance of approximately 240 m, the rotation rates reached an amplitude of the order of magnitude of 10 $− 4$ –10 $− 5$ rad/s. The array derived rotation rates displayed serious limitations, as clearly documented. The R-1 instruments have shown certain technical problems that partly limit their applicability. The measured rotation rates were compared to the relevant acceleration components according to rotation-to-translation relations. Out of all the three methods, the records best matching the acceleration components were made by Rotaphone. The experiment also revealed that rotation rates in the given short-period range noticeably changed over a distance as short as 2 m.

### Most cited references37

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### Invited review article: Large ring lasers for rotation sensing.

(2013)
Over the last two decades a series of large ring laser gyroscopes have been built having an unparalleled scale factor. These upscaled devices have improved the sensitivity and stability for rotation rate measurements by six orders of magnitude when compared to previous commercial developments. This progress has made possible entirely new applications of ring laser gyroscopes in the fields of geophysics, geodesy, and seismology. Ring lasers are currently the only viable measurement technology, which is directly referenced to the instantaneous rotation axis of the Earth. The sensor technology is rapidly developing. This is evidenced by the first experimentally viable proposals to make terrestrial tests of general relativistic effects such as the frame dragging of the rotating Earth.
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### Transient stresses at Parkfield, California, produced by theM7.4 Landers earthquake of June 28, 1992: Observations from the UPSAR dense seismograph array

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### Author and article information

###### Journal
Sensors (Basel)
Sensors (Basel)
sensors
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
MDPI
1424-8220
05 October 2020
October 2020
: 20
: 19
###### Affiliations
[1 ]Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
[2 ]Department of Seismotectonics, Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, V Holešovičkách 41, 182 09 Prague, Czech Republic; malek@ 123456irsm.cas.cz
###### Article
sensors-20-05679
10.3390/s20195679
7582634
33028001

###### Categories
Article

Biomedical engineering