Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in a Chinese Population with Different Glucose Intolerance Status: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Aim

Impaired glucose metabolism and thyroid dysfunction (TD) are the two most common chronic metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of TD in different status of glucose tolerance in a community-based Chinese population and to understand the association between TD and glucose metabolism.

Methods

A community-based population study of metabolic disease was conducted from June 2013 to September 2014 in Beijing, China. Residents aged 26–76 years were selected according to gender and age composition using multi-stage stratified random sampling process. All participants underwent serum thyroid function and thyroid-associated antibody tests. The status of glucose tolerance was determined using 75g-oral glucose tolerance test. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on thyroid function.

Results

By analyzing 3986 participants who were included in the survey, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and pre-diabetes (pre-DM) was 18.59% and 26.79%, respectively. The prevalence of TD was 8.81%, with overt hyperthyroidism accounting for 0.38%; subclinical hyperthyroidism, 1.86%; overt hypothyroidism, 0.70%; and subclinical hypothyroidism, 5.87%. The prevalence of TD increased with gradually deteriorated glucose tolerance (7.63% in those with normal glucose tolerance, 9.27% in pre-DM, and 11.61% in T2DM) in both men and women. Each unit of higher HOMA-IR was associated with 7% higher likelihood of having subclinical hypothyroidism.

Conclusion

The coexisting of TD with T2DM and pre-DM is high in this community-based Chinese population, suggesting a close relationship between TD and glucose metabolism.

Related collections

Most cited references 32

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults.

Yu Xu, Limin Wang, Jiang Ping He … (2013)

Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide. To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and glycemic control in the Chinese adult population. Using a complex, multistage, probability sampling design, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 98,658 Chinese adults in 2010. Plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels were measured after at least a 10-hour overnight fast among all study participants, and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted among participants without a self-reported history of diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria; whereas, a hemoglobin A1c level of <7.0% was considered adequate glycemic control. The overall prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 11.6% (95% CI, 11.3%-11.8%) in the Chinese adult population. The prevalence among men was 12.1% (95% CI, 11.7%-12.5%) and among women was 11.0% (95% CI, 10.7%-11.4%). The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes was estimated to be 3.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.6%) in the Chinese population: 3.6% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.8%) in men and 3.4% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.5%) in women. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 8.1% (95% CI, 7.9%-8.3%) in the Chinese population: 8.5% (95% CI, 8.2%-8.8%) in men and 7.7% (95% CI, 7.4%-8.0%) in women. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes was estimated to be 50.1% (95% CI, 49.7%-50.6%) in Chinese adults: 52.1% (95% CI, 51.5%-52.7%) in men and 48.1% (95% CI, 47.6%-48.7%) in women. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in older age groups, in urban residents, and in persons living in economically developed regions. Among patients with diabetes, only 25.8% (95% CI, 24.9%-26.8%) received treatment for diabetes, and only 39.7% (95% CI, 37.6%-41.8%) of those treated had adequate glycemic control. The estimated prevalence of diabetes among a representative sample of Chinese adults was 11.6% and the prevalence of prediabetes was 50.1%. Projections based on sample weighting suggest this may represent up to 113.9 million Chinese adults with diabetes and 493.4 million with prediabetes. These findings indicate the importance of diabetes as a public health problem in China.

0 comments Cited 451 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

Lewis Braverman, Carole Spencer, Elaine Gunter … (2002)

NHANES III measured serum TSH, total serum T(4), antithyroperoxidase (TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies from a sample of 17,353 people aged > or =12 yr representing the geographic and ethnic distribution of the U.S. population. These data provide a reference for other studies of these analytes in the U.S. For the 16,533 people who did not report thyroid disease, goiter, or taking thyroid medications (disease-free population), we determined mean concentrations of TSH, T(4), TgAb, and TPOAb. A reference population of 13,344 people was selected from the disease-free population by excluding, in addition, those who were pregnant, taking androgens or estrogens, who had thyroid antibodies, or biochemical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The influence of demographics on TSH, T(4), and antibodies was examined. Hypothyroidism was found in 4.6% of the U.S. population (0.3% clinical and 4.3% subclinical) and hyperthyroidism in 1.3% (0.5% clinical and 0.7% subclinical). (Subclinical hypothyroidism is used in this paper to mean mild hypothyroidism, the term now preferred by the American Thyroid Association for the laboratory findings described.) For the disease-free population, mean serum TSH was 1.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-1.54) mIU/liter, was higher in females than males, and higher in white non-Hispanics (whites) [1.57 (1.52-1.62) mIU/liter] than black non-Hispanics (blacks) [1.18 (1.14-1.21) mIU/liter] (P < 0.001) or Mexican Americans [1.43 (1.40-1.46) mIU/liter] (P < 0.001). TgAb were positive in 10.4 +/- 0.5% and TPOAb, in 11.3 +/- 0.4%; positive antibodies were more prevalent in women than men, increased with age, and TPOAb were less prevalent in blacks (4.5 +/- 0.3%) than in whites (12.3 +/- 0.5%) (P < 0.001). TPOAb were significantly associated with hypo or hyperthyroidism, but TgAb were not. Using the reference population, geometric mean TSH was 1.40 +/- 0.02 mIU/liter and increased with age, and was significantly lower in blacks (1.18 +/- 0.02 mIU/liter) than whites (1.45 +/- 0.02 mIU/liter) (P < 0.001) and Mexican Americans (1.37 +/- 0.02 mIU/liter) (P < 0.001). Arithmetic mean total T(4) was 112.3 +/- 0.7 nmol/liter in the disease-free population and was consistently higher among Mexican Americans in all populations. In the reference population, mean total T(4) in Mexican Americans was (116.3 +/- 0.7 nmol/liter), significantly higher than whites (110.0 +/- 0.8 nmol/liter) or blacks (109.4 +/- 0.8 nmol/liter) (P < 0.0001). The difference persisted in all age groups. In summary, TSH and the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies are greater in females, increase with age, and are greater in whites and Mexican Americans than in blacks. TgAb alone in the absence of TPOAb is not significantly associated with thyroid disease. The lower prevalence of thyroid antibodies and lower TSH concentrations in blacks need more research to relate these findings to clinical status. A large proportion of the U.S. population unknowingly have laboratory evidence of thyroid disease, which supports the usefulness of screening for early detection.

0 comments Cited 395 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study

Gay Canaris, Neil R. Manowitz, Gilbert Mayor … (2000)

The prevalence of abnormal thyroid function in the United States and the significance of thyroid dysfunction remain controversial. Systemic effects of abnormal thyroid function have not been fully delineated, particularly in cases of mild thyroid failure. Also, the relationship between traditional hypothyroid symptoms and biochemical thyroid function is unclear.

0 comments Cited 196 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes

Journal ID (publisher-id): dmso

Journal ID (pmc): dmso

Title: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-7007

Publication date (Electronic): 16 November 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 13

Pages: 4361-4368

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center , Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China

[2 ]Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Capital Medical University Pinggu Teaching Hospital , Beijing 101200, People’s Republic of China

Author notes

Correspondence: Yufeng Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Capital Medical University Pinggu Teaching Hospital , No. 59, Xinping North Street, Pinggu District, Beijing101200, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 10 89978790 Email doctorlyf@126.com

Linong Ji Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center , No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing100044, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10 88324108Fax +86 10 88325534 Email jilinong@gmail.com

[*]

These authors contributed equally to this work

Author information

Xianghai Zhou http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-6727

Article

Publisher ID: 271328

DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S271328

PMC ID: 7678694

PubMed ID: 33235476

SO-VID: 31d12e28-14d9-4c36-b749-d03201d3ba66

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 08 July 2020

Date accepted : 27 October 2020

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 11, References: 33, Pages: 8

Funding

Funded by: Beijing Science and Technology Committee;

Funded by: the Fogarty International Center;

This work was supported through a grant from Beijing Science and Technology Committee (D131100005313008). This project was also supported by NIH research training grant R25 TW009345 funded by the Fogarty International Center. We thank all the participants for agreeing to join this study. We are grateful to the research teams from the endocrinology and metabolic department of Beijing Pinggu Hospital and Peking University People’s hospital for their contribution to field survey and data collection.

Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in a Chinese Population with Different Glucose Intolerance Status: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Read this article at

Abstract

Aim

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Bioscientifica Open Endocrinology

Most cited references 32

Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults.

Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Page count

Funding

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 176

Cited by 7

Most referenced authors 556