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      Somatic embryogenesis from whole flowers, anthers and ovaries of grapevine (Vitis spp.)

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          A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures

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            Haploid plants from pollen grains.

            A method is presented by which hundreds of haploid plants of various species of Nicotiana can be raised from pollen grains. Stamens should be excised when pollen grains have been individualized, but are still uninucleate and free of starch. When grown in vitro on a relatively simple medium, some pollen grains proliferate into embryo-liké, structures which develop in stages similar to those of zygotic embryos. The plantlets mature and flower profusely, but do not set seed.
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              Chimerism in grapevines: implications for cultivar identity, ancestry and genetic improvement.

              In the course of DNA profiling of grapevine cultivars using microsatellite loci we have occasionally observed more than two alleles at a locus in some individuals and have identified periclinal chimerism as the source of such anomalies. This phenomenon in long-lived clonally propagated crops, such as grapevine, which contains historically ancient cultivars, may have a role in clonal differences and affect cultivar identification and pedigree analysis. Here we show that when the two cell layers of a periclinal chimera, Pinot Meunier, are separated by passage through somatic embryogenesis the regenerated plants not only have distinct DNA profiles which are different from those of the parent plant but also have novel phenotypes. Recovery of these phenotypes indicates that additional genetic differences can exist between the two cell layers and that the Pinot Meunier phenotype is due to the interaction of genetically distinct cell layers. It appears that grapevine chimerism can not only modify phenotype but can also impact on grapevine improvement as both genetic transformation and conventional breeding strategies separate mutations in the L1 and L2 cell layers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture
                Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0167-6857
                1573-5044
                July 20 2007
                June 26 2007
                July 20 2007
                : 90
                : 1
                : 79-83
                Article
                10.1007/s11240-007-9256-x
                31daffb9-4855-437b-9299-a073fa6edcf7
                © 2007

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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