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      A Platform for Screening Potential Anticholinesterase Fractions and Components Obtained from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge for Treating Alzheimer's Disease

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          Abstract

          Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease to enhance central cholinergic transmission. In this study, a bioactivity-oriented screening platform based on a modified Ellman's method and HPLC-QTOF MS technique was developed to rapidly screen active agents of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. The 60% ethanol fraction from an ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potential anticholinesterase activity. Fifteen steroid saponins were identified by the mass spectrum, standards and literature reports. Twenty-five compounds were isolated from the active fraction. The results showed that compounds with the C 6–C 3–C 6 skeleton probably had both AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities. Xanthone and benzene derivatives exhibited no or little activity. Lignans showed weak BuChE inhibitory activity. The steroidal saponins demonstrated moderate or weak AChE inhibitory activity.

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          Changes in brain cholinesterases in senile dementia of Alzheimer type.

          E Perry, R Perry, G Blessed … (2015)
          Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase activities have been measured biochemically in normal brain tissue, in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and in mental disorders without Alzheimer-type abnormalities. Acetylcholinesterase was significantly reduced and butyrylcholinesterase significantly increased, compared with the normal, in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of the Alzheimer cases. No significant enzyme changes were seen in the other diseases investigated including multi-infarct dementia, schizophrenia and depression. There was no correlation between age and acetylcholinesterase activity, but a significant positive correlation between the butyrylcholinesterase activities with increasing age (60-90 years) was found in the hippocampus. The possible connection between cholinergic system pathology and these cholinesterase abnormalities in Alzheimer dementia is discussed.
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            CHANGES IN BRAIN CHOLINESTERASES IN SENILE DEMENTIA OF ALZHEIMER TYPE

            B Tomlinson, ELAINE K. PERRY, R Perry … (1978)
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              Anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of traditional Chinese medicine for treating Alzheimer's disease.

              Q Lin, P. Nicholas Shaw, Jenny C. Wan … (2008)
              Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. It is the most common type of dementia in the ageing population due to a severe loss of cholinergic neurons in selected brain area. At present, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) are the first group of drugs approved by the FDA to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Most of these drugs such as huperzine and galanthamine are originally isolated from plants. In this study, the AChE inhibitory activities from extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs that have traditionally been prescribed to treat insomnia and brain function disorders were examined in a 96-well plate assay based on Ellman's method. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts of 26 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs were tested. Inhibitory effects were expressed as the percentage of inhibition. For the herbal extracts that were shown to exert a significant inhibition, dose-dependent inhibitory assays were also performed. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of six herbs were found to have high AChE inhibitory activities in a dose-dependent manner. The IC(50) of these herbal extracts on inhibition of AChE are at around 5-85 microm/ml. The results of this study indicate that there is a great potential to search for novel usage of these medicinal herbs for the treatment of AD.
              Article 0 comments Cited 27 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ECAM
                Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 1741-427X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288
                Publication date (Print): 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 April 2014
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 April 2014
                Volume: 2014
                Electronic Location Identifier: 524650
                Affiliations
                1School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
                2School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
                3Key Laboratory of Structure-Based, Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
                Author notes
                *Shao-Jiang Song: songsj99@ 123456163.com

                Academic Editor: Chuthamanee Suthisisang

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2014/524650
                PMC ID: 4016847
                SO-VID: 31e91de4-0356-45aa-a6b0-df11f6b93872
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Yu Sun et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 4 November 2013
                Date revision received : 2 March 2014
                Date accepted : 20 March 2014
                Funding
                Funded by: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 81373925
                Funded by: Liaoning Bai Qian Wan Talents Program
                Award ID: 2011921044
                Funded by: Social Development Project of Liaoning Science and Technology Committee
                Award ID: 2011404012-3
                Funded by: Liaoning Province Doctoral Scientific Research
                Award ID: 20111139
                Funded by: Project of Shenyang Science and Technology Bureau
                Award ID: F12-161-9-00
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

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