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      Multiplicity in 5 Msun Stars

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          Abstract

          Binary/multiple status can affect stars at all stages of their lifetimes: evolution onto the main sequence, properties on the main sequence, and subsequent evolution. 5 \(M_\odot\) stars have provided a wealth of information about the binary properties fairly massive stars. The combination of cool evolved primaries and hot secondaries in Cepheids (geriatric B stars) have yielded detailed information about the distribution of mass ratios. and have also provided a surprisingly high fraction of triple systems. Ground-based radial velocity orbits combined with satellite data from Hubble, FUSE, IUE, and Chandra are needed to provide full information about the systems, including the masses. As a recent example, X-ray observations can identify low mass companions which are young enough to be physical companions. Typically binary status and properties (separation, eccentricity, mass ratio) determine whether any stage of evolution takes an exotic form.

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          Journal
          10.1017/S1743921311011355
          1010.2939
          http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

          Solar & Stellar astrophysics
          Solar & Stellar astrophysics

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