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      Presence and activity of HPV in primary lung cancer

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          Abstract

          Evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in biopsies of Brazilian patients with lung cancer and also the expression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. HPV is widely known as an important condition for cervical cancer although evidence today shows it is associated with several other types of cancer and may also be involved in lung cancer development. However, there are some divergences regarding the presence and activity of HPV in lung carcinogenesis.

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          Most cited references69

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          Human papillomavirus genome variants.

          Amongst the human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the genus Alphapapillomavirus contains HPV types that are uniquely pathogenic. They can be classified into species and types based on genetic distances between viral genomes. Current circulating infectious HPVs constitute a set of viral genomes that have evolved with the rapid expansion of the human population. Viral variants were initially identified through restriction enzyme polymorphisms and more recently through sequence determination of viral fragments. Using partial sequence information, the history of variants, and the association of HPV variants with disease will be discussed with the main focus on the recent utilization of full genome sequence information for variant analyses. The use of multiple sequence alignments of complete viral genomes and phylogenetic analyses have begun to define variant lineages and sublineages using empirically defined differences of 1.0-10.0% and 0.5-1.0%, respectively. These studies provide the basis to define the genetics of HPV pathogenesis. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            The use of general primers GP5 and GP6 elongated at their 3' ends with adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by PCR

            Sequence analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) general primer GP5/6 mediated PCR products revealed the presence of short highly conserved sequences adjacent to the 3' ends of both primers. Part of these sequences was used to elongate GP5 and GP6 at their 3' ends to generate the primers GP5+ and GP6+, respectively. Compared with the GP5/6 PCR, GP5+/6+ specific PCR on 22 cloned mucosotropic HPVs revealed an improved HPV detection, reflected by a 10- to 100-fold higher sensitivity and a markedly increased signal to background ratio, especially at the gel level. As determined on purified DNA, the sensitivity of this GP5+/6+ based assay was at the femtogram level for those HPV genotypes which match strongly with the primers (e.g. HPV-16) and at the picogram level for HPV types (e.g. HPV-39 and -51) having four or more mismatches with one or both primers. Application of both methods on 264 cervical scrapes of a cohort of women participating in a prospective follow-up study revealed an increase of total HPV positivity from 39% (GP5/6 PCR) to 43% (GP5+/6+ PCR) of the scrapes. Additional HPV typing by PCR specific for the HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31 and -33 revealed that all GP5+/6+ PCR positive cases which were negative by GP5/6 PCR (n = 12) contained HPV types different from these six types. These data indicate that the GP5+/6+ PCR method provides an increased detection level mainly of uncommon, apparently poorly matched HPV types in cervical scrapes and most likely in the enlargement of the spectrum of HPVs detectable by this assay.
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              Diseases associated with human papillomavirus infection.

              Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are ubiquitous, well adapted to their host and cleverly sequestered away from immune responses. HPV infections can be productive, subclinical or latent in both skin and mucosa. The causal association of HPV with cervical cancer, and increasingly with rising numbers of squamous cell carcinomas at other sites in both men and women, is increasingly recognised, while the morbidity of cutaneous HPV lesions, particularly in the immunosuppressed population is also significant. This chapter sets out the range of infections and clinical manifestations of the consequences of infection and its persistence and describes why HPVs are both highly effective pathogens and carcinogens, challenging to eliminate. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
                J Cancer Res Clin Oncol
                Springer Nature
                0171-5216
                1432-1335
                December 2018
                September 17 2018
                December 2018
                : 144
                : 12
                : 2367-2376
                Article
                10.1007/s00432-018-2748-8
                30225539
                31fb10d2-e699-4718-843f-1622e2f215e8
                © 2018

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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