Age-Specific Determinants of Pulse Wave Velocity among Metabolic Syndrome Components, Inflammatory Markers, and Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Aim: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is thought to have different relationships with metabolic syndrome (MS) components, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress, according to age. However, age-specific determinants of PWV have not yet been studied. We investigated age-dependent relationships among PWV and MS components, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress.

Methods: A total of 4,318 subjects were divided into 4 groups: 19–34 y ( n = 687), 35–44 y ( n = 1,413), 45–54 y ( n = 1,384), and 55–79 y ( n = 834). MS components, brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and oxidative stress markers were measured.

Results: There were age-related increases in MS, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), triglycerides, glucose, hs-CRP, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 8-epi-prostaglandin F _{2 α} (8-epi-PGF _{2 α} ), and baPWV. BaPWV was significantly associated with sex and elevated BP in the 19–34 y group; with age, sex, BMI, elevated BP and triglycerides in the 35–44 y group; with age, sex, elevated BP, fasting glucose, hs-CRP and oxidized LDL in the 45–54 y group; and with age, BMI, elevated BP, fasting glucose and oxidized LDL in the 55–79 y group.

Conclusions: Our results show that age-related increases in baPWV are associated with age-related changes in MS components, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. However, each of these factors has an age-specific, different impact on arterial stiffness. In particular, oxidative stress may be independently associated with arterial stiffness in individuals older than 45 y.