One of the most significant recent advancements in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the incorporation of bipolar technology. Bipolar circuitry allows TURP to be performed in a normal saline environment, which addresses a fundamental concern of conventional monopolar TURP (i.e., the use of hypo-osmolar irrigation). As a result, the risks of dilutional hyponatremia and transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome are eliminated, allowing for longer and safer resection. This review discusses the principles and applications of electrosurgery in conventional monopolar as well as new bipolar saline-based TURP systems. This review also addresses the positive impact on patient safety and resident training.