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      Neocortical Network Activity In Vivo Is Generated through a Dynamic Balance of Excitation and Inhibition

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          Abstract

          The recurrent excitatory and inhibitory connections between and within layers of the cerebral cortex are fundamental to the operation of local cortical circuits. Models of cortical function often assume that recurrent excitation and inhibition are balanced, and we recently demonstrated that spontaneous network activity in vitro contains a precise balance of excitation and inhibition; however, the existence of a balance between excitation and inhibition in the intact and spontaneously active cerebral cortex has not been directly tested. We examined this hypothesis in the prefrontal cortex in vivo, during the slow (<1 Hz) oscillation in ketamine–xylazine-anesthetized ferrets. We measured persistent network activity (Up states) with extracellular multiple unit and local field potential recording, while simultaneously recording synaptic currents in nearby cells. We determined the reversal potential and conductance change over time during Up states and found that the body of Up state activity exhibited a steady reversal potential (−37 mV on average) for hundreds of milliseconds, even during substantial (21 nS on average) changes in membrane conductance. Furthermore, we found that both the initial and final segments of the Up state were characterized by significantly more depolarized reversal potentials and concomitant increases in excitatory conductance, compared with the stable middle portions of Up states. This ongoing temporal evolution between excitation and inhibition, which exhibits remarkable proportionality within and across neurons in active local networks, may allow for rapid transitions between relatively stable network states, permitting the modulation of neuronal responsiveness in a behaviorally relevant manner.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Neurosci
          J. Neurosci
          jneuro
          The Journal of Neuroscience
          Society for Neuroscience
          0270-6474
          1529-2401
          26 April 2006
          : 26
          : 17
          : 4535-4545
          Affiliations
          Department of Neurobiology, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
          Author notes
          Correspondence should be addressed to David A. McCormick, Department of Neurobiology, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510. Email: david.mccormick@ 123456yale.edu
          Article
          PMC6674060 PMC6674060 6674060 zns4535
          10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5297-05.2006
          6674060
          16641233
          32d2a8db-509b-4025-a487-6111182cae3c
          Copyright © 2006 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/06/264535-11$15.00/0
          History
          : 20 March 2006
          : 12 December 2005
          : 16 February 2006
          Categories
          Articles
          Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
          Custom metadata
          4535
          research-article

          Up states,conductance,spontaneous activity,intracellular,prefrontal cortex,LFP

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