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      Vitamina B12, Acido Fólico y Función Mental en Adultos Mayores Translated title: Vitamin B12, Folic Acid and Mental Function in the Elderly

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          Abstract

          Los adultos mayores constituyen un grupo de población vulnerable a cuadros de deficiencias de nutrientes específicos como la vitamina B12 y el ácido fólico, íntimamente ligados al deterioro de las funciones mentales, en especial, del área cognitiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar indicadores del estado de vitamina B12 y ácido fólico y asociarlos a la evaluación de la función mental de 53 adultos mayores de 60 años de edad, residenciados en un hogar geriátrico. Se evaluó consumo dietario por pesada directa individual, niveles de vitamina B12 y folato sérico por radioinmunoanálisis y función mental por la prueba del mini mental de Foltein. Se encontró un consumo promedio adecuado para vitamina B12 y deficiente para ácido fólico, mientras que los niveles séricos estuvieron dentro del rango normal de referencia. El 26,4% de los ancianos estaba en situación de déficit o riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina B12, y el 43,4 de ácido fólico. Cuarenta y nueve por ciento de los adultos mayores presentó una evaluación mental deficiente y los niveles de vitamina B12 fueron más bajos en este grupo con una diferencia estadística significativa. Se observó una asociación significativa entre edad y función mental, siendo menor el riesgo en los adultos menores de 80 años; así como una correlación positiva significativa entre vitamina B12 sérica y función mental. Se concluye que los ancianos estudiados se encontraban en situación de riesgo de deficiencia de estas vitaminas y que hubo asociación con edad y función mental que debe ser explorada con la evaluación simultánea de otros nutrientes intervinientes.

          Translated abstract

          Elderly people is a vulnerable population group to specific nutrient deficiencies as vitamin B12 and folic acid, which are closely related to mental functions deterioration, especially of cognitive functions. This study was aimed to measure B12 vitamin and folic acid indicators and to establish relationships to mental function. 53 elderly, older than 60 years, living in a geriatric home were assessed. The dietary intake was evaluated by the direct weighed method, serum B12 vitamin and folic acid by radioimmunoanalysis and mental function by Foltein´s mini-mental test. Dietary intake for Vit B12 was adequate and deficient for folic acid while serum levels were within normal range. Vitamin B12 levels were at marginal or deficiency values in 26,4% of the elderly and folic acid deficiency was present in 43.4%. 49% of the elderly had mental function alterations and B12 vitamin levels were significantly lower in this group. A positive association between age and mental function (elderly below 80 years had lower risk of mental impairment) and between serum B12 and mental function were found. Elderly were at risk of deficiency for both vitamins and age and mental function were associated to this risk. Further evaluation including other nutrients should be performed

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          Most cited references41

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          Principles of nutritional assesMSent

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            Association between nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a healthy elderly population.

            We evaluated the association between nutritional status and cognitive functioning in 260 noninstitutionalized men and women older than 60 years who had no known physical illnesses and were receiving no medications. Nutritional status was evaluated by three-day food records and also by biochemical determination of blood levels of specific nutrients. Cognitive status was evaluated by the Halstead-Reitan Categories Test (a nonverbal test of abstract thinking ability) and by the Wechsler Memory Test. Subjects with low blood levels of vitamins C or B12 scored worse on both tests. Subjects with low levels of riboflavin or folic acid scored worse on the categories test. These differences remained significant after controlling for age, gender, level of income, and amount of education. "Subclinical" malnutrition may play a small role in the depression of cognitive function detectable in some elderly individuals, or depressed cognitive function may result in reduced nutrient intake.
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              Valores de referencia de energía y nutrientes para la población venezolana

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ic
                Investigación Clínica
                Invest. clín
                Universidad del Zulia (Maracaibo )
                0535-5133
                March 2005
                : 46
                : 1
                : 53-63
                Article
                S0535-51332005000100007
                32e01f2b-654b-40c6-9a2b-b1f821c1c0bd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0535-5133&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Medicine
                B12 vitamin,folic acid,elderly,mental function,Vitamina B12,ácido fólico,adultos mayores,función mental

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